BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-γ is linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. This study was conducted to investigate the role of the PI3Kγ in the blood-brain barrier dysfunction and brain damage induced by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS Wild-type and PI3Kγ knockout mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (60 minutes) followed by reper...

Development of an in vitro cell culture system to mimic the blood-brain barrier p. 117 The development of ion regulation at the blood-brain barrier p. 123 An approach to study of transport of trace metals at the blood-brain barrier p. 133 Bidirectional passage of peptides across the blood-brain barrier p. 139 Localization patterns for immunoglobulins and albumins in the brain suggest diverse me...

Shear stress is a major determinant of endothelial apoptosis, but its role in the in vivo release of shed membrane microparticles by endothelial cells remains unknown. Thus, we sought to evaluate the possible relationship between circulating endothelial microparticle levels and laminar shear stress in end-stage renal disease patients with high cardiovascular risk, whose levels of endothelial mi...

The validity of the flow-mediated dilation test has been questioned due to the lack of normalization to the primary stimulus, shear stress. Shear stress can be calculated using Poiseuille's law. However, little attention has been given to the most appropriate blood velocity parameter(s) for calculating shear stress. The pulsatile nature of blood flow exposes the endothelial cells to two distinc...

BACKGROUND Exercise has been found to either reduce or increase arterial stiffness. Land-based exercise modalities have been documented as effective physical therapies to decrease arterial stiffness. However, these land-based exercise modalities may not be suitable for overweight individuals, in terms of risks of joint injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8-week swi...

Objective: Measurement of blood-brain permeability dysfunction in active and chronic MS lesions with T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to show variation in inflammatory activity Background: blood-brain-barrier perfusion characterization impaired in MS as some studies have shown recently buta comparison between perfusion parameters in contrast-enhanced and non-enhanced lesions not have ...

S troke is a major cause of death and long-term disability accompanied by steep social and medical costs. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, lifelong, severe metabolic health problem characterized by hyperglycemia, attributable to insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, or a combination of both. Patients with DM suffer from massive vascular damage and rapidly develop microvascular and macrova...