In patients with cholesterol gallstones, there is a diminished bile acid pool and the bile becomes supersaturated with cholesterol. Medical treatment has been aimed at re-expanding the pool to improve cholesterol solubility in bile but as yet the factors controlling the size of the bile acid pool' are unknown. Therefore the role of the liver and intestine in controlling bile acid pool size in t...

Biliary lipids (bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol, plant sterols) were determined in 89 vertebrate species (cartilaginous and bony fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals), and individual phospholipid classes were measured in 35 species. All samples contained conjugated bile salts (C(27) bile alcohol sulfates and/or N-acyl amidates of C(27) and/or C(24) bile acids). Phospholipids were generally...

The apical Na(+)-dependent bile salt transporter (ASBT/SLC10A2) is essential for maintaining the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. It is not known when Slc10a2 evolved as a bile salt transporter or how it adapted to substantial changes in bile salt structure during evolution. We characterized ASBT orthologs from two primitive vertebrates, the lamprey that utilizes early 5α-bile alcohols ...

Phenobarbital, by inducing liver microsomal enzymes, may affect bile acid synthesis from cholesterol and thus alter the secretion of biliary lipids and the composition of bile. We, therefore, determined the effects of phenobarbital on bile flow, biliary lipid secretion, bile acid synthesis, and bile-acid pool size. Using an experimental preparation that allows controlled interruption of the ent...

A detailed study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of bile acids in human fetal gallbladder bile is described. Bile was collected during early gestation (weeks 16-19) and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, fast atom bombardment ionization mass spectrometry, and high performance liquid chromatography. Bile acids were separated into different conjugate groups by c...

The effects of controlled interruption of the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of bile salts by biliary diversion on bile volume, bile salt secretion and synthesis rates, bile salt pool size, and the relationship to fecal fat excretion were studied in 16 rhesus monkeys. Bile from a chronic bile fistula was returned to the intestine through an electronic stream-splitter which, by diverting differ...

Urinary excretion of bile alcohols and bile acids in patients with complete extrahepatic cholestasis before and after the release by external biliary drainage was studied. Following extraction, isolation, and hydrolysis, bile alcohols were determined by capillary gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as dimethylethylsilyl derivatives. During cholestasis, 8.89 mumol/day of bile alcohol and...

a 65-year-old female presenting with hepatobiliary cystadenoma (hc) comprised of multiple cysts in the liver and a non-specific epigastric pain is reported herein.  ultrasound study demonstrated dilated common bile duct (cbd) and intrahepatic bile ducts, plus two spherical stone-like bodies filling defects in the proximal cbd. sphincterotomy and basket performed for the patient were not success...

Background: Biloma is a rare abnormal localized accumulation of bile out of biliary tree due to an injury that occurs usually postoperatively from an injured cystic or bile duct. While most bilomas collect in the subhepatic space, we describe a rare case of hepatic subcapsular biloma after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and ERCP which was done one week after surgery successfully treated by p...