what does libertarian theory, murray rothbard’s theory in particular, tell us about the rights of children? the two foundational principles of rothbardian libertarianism are the sanctity of private property and the rule of non-aggression. persons, including children, are “self-owners”. yet children, at a young age, are not yet capable of functioning fully as “self-owners.” they must be cared fo...

background neonatology has evolved with respect to the needs of premature infants for special care. one of the major problems in premature infants is that their lungs are not developed adequately to fulfill newborns’ needs. there is a broad spectrum of strategies for management of respiratory problems in premature infants. in this study, we aimed to determine the best strategies against respira...

conclusions based on the path analysis model, working condition and socioeconomic status directly and indirectly influence birth weight. thus, as well as attention to treatment and health care (biological aspect), special attention must also be paid to mothers’ socioeconomic factors. results the final path model fitted well (cfi =1, rmsea=0.00) and showed that among direct paths, working condit...

introduction : pregnancy as a stressful event may cause some consequence for both mother and infant such as low birth weight (lbw). lbw is seen in about 7% of pregnancies in iran. it was proved there is a correlation between infants weight and maternal social support. this study was designed to evaluate maternal perceived social support in lbw infants and infants with normal weight. methods and...

background: to determine the prevalence and characteristics of birth defects in perinatal infants in hubei province during 200l-2008. methods: the prevalence of birth defects in perinatal infants delivered after 28 weeks or more was analyzed in hubei surveillance hospitals during 200l-2008. results: the incidence of birth defects in perinatal infants from 200l to 2008 was 120.0 per 10,000 birth...

background: in recent years, the study of birth intervals has been a main determinant of the levels of fertility in the populations, as it is associated with rates of fertility and population growth. objective: the purpose of this study was to firstly apply survival analysis for modeling of first birth interval and secondly to explore its determinants. materials and methods: in a cross sectiona...

abstract background: to compare pregnancy outcomes in women at risk for cervical incompetence after elective versus ultrasound- indicated cerclage. methods: in a prospective randomized tlial, singleton pregnancies with at least one previous spontaneous midtrimester loss or early preterm delivery (between 15 and 32 weeks' gestation) who met clinical crite1ia for the diagnosis of cervical in...

objective: maternal factors such as age, health, diet, and environment are significantly associated with low birth weight. the objectives of this study were to determine the incidence, distribution and major risk factors of low birth weight in hospital kuala lumpur. materials and methods: a hospital based case–control study was done in obstetric ward of maternity hospital in hospital kuala lump...

introduction: neonatal period damages occur due to mechanical forces (compression, stretching) during the birth process are classified as birth trauma. various maternofetal factors, such as maternal diabetes, breech or other noncephalic presentations and birth weight might have been effective in developing prenatal trauma. shoulder dystocia, which is common in neonates` of diabetic mothers, usu...

Background Low birth weight is one of the most important health indicators in evaluating pregnancy care worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the effect of cell phones used in pregnancy on fetal growth and preterm labor. Materials and Methods The search process included screening the rel...