Charcoal is an environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and economical material. This material usually produced by slow pyrolysis—the heating of wood or other substances in the absence oxygen. The aim this study was to investigate acoustic efficiency charcoal design diffuser that utilizes charcoal. Samples different types tree charcoal—birch (Betula pendula), pine (Pinus sylvestris), oak (Querc...

The aim of this research is to make identification of tree species of individual trees more efficient through combining high resolution laser data with high resolution near-infrared images. Identification of the classes Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), and deciduous trees was chosen because these groups are the most important for forest applications in Sweden. T...

Admixtures of birch in Norway spruce plantations are being promoted as a means to increase habitat and species diversity. The implications this mixture were analysed with regional survey data from southern Sweden. Permanent sample plots the Swedish National Forest Inventory (NFI), admixture birch, used describe temporal trends admixture, regarding composition competitive strength. Observations ...

Taper models, which describe the shape of tree stems, are central to estimating stem volume. Literature provides both taper- and volume models for three main species in Norway, Norway spruce, Scots pine, birch. These however, were mainly developed using approaches established over 50 years ago, without consistency between taper We tested eleven equations six bark thickness. The fitted evaluated...

Background and Objectives: Mineral topsoil moisture is a very important component of the hydrological balance in forests. The closely related to forest type, its woody species composition, stand age, structure through interception evapotranspiration. We aimed investigate response precipitation three treatments: under young Norway spruce, white birch, grass-dominated treeless gap at an acidic mo...

In declining broadleaf forests in western Ukraine, several Phytophthora species including P. plurivora, bilorbang, polonica, gonapodyides and cactorum were recovered using soil baiting assays identified morphological molecular methods. Pathogenicity tests of selected isolates performed on black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaerth.) silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) to assess susceptibility the...

The Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies (BIRCH) has a disadvantage that it reduced the accuracy of the arbitrary shape clustering algorithm clusters, to this end a split improved BIRCH algorithm (AS-Birch) was put forward. Through the analysis of the reconfigurable network and a detailed analysis of application scenarios and functional requirements of business clusterin...

This paper investigated the potential of multispectral airborne laser scanning (ALS) data for individual tree detection and tree species classification. The aim was to develop a single-sensor solution for forest mapping that is capable of providing species-specific information, required for forest management and planning purposes. Experiments were conducted using 1903 ground measured trees from...

Aspen has been an ecologically important, though relatively minor, component of the Lake States (Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota) forests for millennia. General Land Office records from the 1800s indicate that aspen comprised a small fraction of the region’s eastern forests, but was more extensive on the western edge. Then Euro-American settlement in the 1800s brought land clearing, timber h...

The growth and stem quality of silver birch (Betula pendula), downy birch (B. pubescens) and paper birch (B. papyrifera) were compared in a 32-year-old field trial in southern Finland. The material consisted of different unselected stand origins and progenies of phenotypically selected plus trees of silver and downy birch from southern Finland and differing stand origins of paper birch from the...