This paper offers an experimental investigation of equilibrium discovery and coordination in three market mechanisms: i) a pure call auction, ii) a call auction preceded by a non—binding preopening period, and iii) a call auction preceded by binding preopening orders. The non binding preopening period offers traders the opportunity to place manipulative orders. After observing attempts to manip...

Compound exocytosis is found in many cell types and is the major form of regulated secretion in acinar and mast cells. Its key characteristic is the homotypic fusion of secretory granules. These then secrete their combined output through a single fusion pore to the outside. The control of compound exocytosis remains poorly understood. Although soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachmen...

The well established anatomy of the cerebellar cortex has led to suggestions that cerebellar molecular layer interneurons laterally inhibit Purkinje cells. In support of the anatomical predictions, on-beam excitation and off-beam inhibition of Purkinje cells have been shown to occur when the surface of the cerebellum is electrically excited. Patchy excitation of Purkinje cells with flanking inh...

The developing cerebellum expresses genes which encode for both neurotrophins and their receptors. The present study was designed to determine at what stages during cerebellar granule cell neurogenesis neurotrophin family molecules may act. We report here that in purified, well-characterized granule cell cultures (Gao et al., 1991; 1992), none of the neurotrophins stimulated proliferation of gr...

After enzyme secretion the membrane of the secretory granule, which had been fused to the cell membrane, was resorbed into the cell. Experiments were therefore carried out to test whether formation of new secretory granules involves reutilization of the resorbed membrane or synthesis of a new membrane, de novo, from amino acids. Incorporation of amino acids-(14)C into proteins of various cell f...

A group of neurons with the characteristics of dentate gyrus granule cells was found at the hilar/CA3 border several weeks after pilocarpine- or kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. Intracellular recordings from pilocarpine-treated rats showed that these "granule-like" neurons were similar to normal granule cells (i. e., those in the granule cell layer) in membrane properties, firing behavio...

Information sources provide us with granules of information that must be transformed, analyzed and built into structures that support problem solving. One of the main goals of information granule calculi is to develop algorithmic methods for construction of complex information granules from elementary ones by means of available operations and inclusion (closeness) measures. These constructed co...

The behavior of granule cells in mature cerebellar cultures derived from newborn mice was studied by light and electron microscopy. Many granule cells remained in the explants as an external granular layer . These cells were differentiated, as evidenced by formation of bundles of parallel fibers and by development of synapses between granule cell axons and Purkinje cell branchlet spines, and be...