The sea urchin sperm fertilization bioassay is an approved U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) biomonitoring tool for regulatory and compliance purposes. The method adapted for the Hawaiian species Tripneustes gratilla recommends a sperm-to-egg ratio of 2,500. Using a fixed ratio for all tests does not sufficiently account for seasonal and individual variabilities of this organism. ...

The behavioral responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to sublethal concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)-based household bleach were quantified in order to index toxicity of the solution. The swimming behavior of zebrafish was captured using nonplanar 3D stereocameras in combination with 3D coordinate computation with perspective correction (3DCCPC) to compute for actual 3D coordinates. S...

The in vitro effect of a widely used organophosphorus insecticide, chlorpyrifos (CPP), on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was studied in vitro. The kinetic constants Km and Vmax and the bimolecular constant k(j) were determined in vitro. The in vitro AChE study indicated that CPP is neurotoxic and that it alters the apparent Km values widely in a concentration-dependent manner, resulti...

The kinetic characteristic (Km) of cholinesterase from the crab Chasmagnathus granulata, the shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis and the fish Odontesthes bonaeriensis were compared and correlated with the anticholinesterasic effect of eserine (physostigmine). For the crustaceans, the estimated Km values were about 5-8 times higher than that estimated for the fish (0.04 mM). In the crab and the shr...

Soils are three-dimensional (3D) natural bodies conSlStmg of unconsolidated mineral and organic materials that form a continuous blanket over most of the earth's land sUlface. At all scales of measurements, soils are exceedingly complex and variable in bio logical, chemical, physical, mineralogical, and electromagnetic properties. These properties influence the propaga tion velocity, attenuatio...

The purpose of this study is to develop a mechanistic model to describe a conceptually new "flux-biological response" approach based on biotic ligand model (BLM) and Michaelis-Menten (M-M) kinetics to allow the linkage between valve closure behavior and sodium (Na) transport mechanism in freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea in response to waterborne copper (Cu). We test the proposed model against...

The EU COST Action DNAqua-Net has since its start in 2016 gathered European researchers with the quest to standardize and implement DNA-based aquatic biomonitoring. On March 9–11, 2021, their work culminated first conference. Here, an astounding 1500 participants from around world virtually share research on biomonitoring encompassing DNA reference databases, field laboratory protocols, data an...

Estimation of population exposure and biological impact of potential hazards are central reasons for performing biomonitoring. The sensitivity of the biomonitoring methods and the linkage of the measured phenomenon to human disease are also important, but often overlooked, considerations. We are conducting experiments to evaluate the sensitivity of hprt mutation measurement in the nonhuman prim...

IV. CHARACTERIZATION OF CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN GREEN MUSSEL (Perna viridis) AS A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER IN MARINE BIOMONITORING 4.1. Abstract Green mussels (Perna viridis) play an important economic and ecological role in the coastal areas of Indonesia. P. viridis has been used as an eco-sentinel organism for marine biomonitoring programme in Asia regions. To magnify its competency as a releva...

Diatoms include a great diversity of taxa and are recognized as powerful bioindicators in rivers. However using diatoms for monitoring programs is costly and time consuming because most of the methodologies necessitate species-level identification. This raises the question of the optimal trade-off between taxonomic resolution and bioassessment quality. Phylogenetic tools may form the bases of n...