The detection of primary biological material in submicron aerosol by means of thermal desorption/electron impact ionization aerosol mass spectrometry was investigated. Mass spectra of amino acids, carbohydrates, small peptides, and proteins, all of which are key building blocks of biological particles, were recorded in laboratory experiments. Several characteristic marker fragments were identif...

Antibody-based techniques for the assessment of authenticity of dairy products are reviewed in this paper. Because of the inherent complexity of the protein and peptide fractions from milk and even more so from cheese, the use of immunoreagents which are more selective than polyclonal antibodies is usually required for the assaying dairy authenticity by immunochemical methods. Significant advan...

Genetic mapping with DNA markers has become an essential tool for revealing the genetic basis of both qualitative and quantitative traits in crop plants. DNA markers have special advantages over morphological traits in genetic analysis because they are normally polymorphic, have no pleiotropic or epistatic effects, employ non-destructive methods requiring very small amounts of plant materials a...

Sport genomics is a comparatively new scientific discipline concentrating on the organization and functioning of the genome of elite athletes. It seems to be the most promising tool for sport selection, individualization of the training process, sport traumatology, and also in illegal ‘gene doping’. With genotyping more available, research of gene variants’ influence on several phenotype traits...

The reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) is a semi-endoparasitic organism in which the female penetrates the root cortex establishing a permanent feeding site (Robinson et al., 1997). It has become a serious threat to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in Arkansas and the mid-South (Zhao et al., 2000) because yield losses in infested fields may exceed 50% under stress conditions ...

We have compared the risetime for samples of nearby and high-redshift type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The fiducial risetime of the nearby SNe Ia is 2.5±0.4 days longer than the proemial risetime determined by Goldhaber (1998a,b) for high-redshift SNe Ia from the Supernova Cosmology Project. The statistical likelihood that the two samples have different fiducial risetimes is high (5.8σ) and indicat...

DNA analysis with molecular markers has opened a way to understand complex organism's genome. It is presently being widely applied across different fields, where food takes a preeminent position. Constant outbreaks of foodborne illnesses are increasing consumer's attention towards more detailed information related to what they are consuming. This overview reports on the areas where food traceab...

Downloa development of molecular markers is crucial for improving therapy in advanced non-small cell ancer (NSCLC). Here, we review perspectives of biomarker-driven personalized therapy in NSCLC, articular reference to the detection of EML4-ALK gene rearrangements. Different molecular assays, with p validation, and clinical application to different types of tissue specimens are discussed. Clin ...

Stem rust along with foliar diseases is a harmful pathogen causing strong yield reduction worldwide. Resistant cultivars provide efficient way for wheat growers to avoid yield losses. In our study, 200 wheat cultivars registered in Hungary in the past twenty five years, were investigated using molecular markers. A significant part of the cultivars carried the 1BL.1RS translocation, the source o...

We study the accuracy of a Bayesian supervised method used to cluster individuals into genetically homogeneous groups on the basis of dominant or codominant molecular markers. We provide a formula relating an error criterion to the number of loci used and the number of clusters. This formula is exact and holds for arbitrary number of clusters and markers. Our work suggests that dominant markers...