Freeform fabrication provides an effective process tool to manufacture advanced tissue scaffolds with specific designed properties. Our research focuses on using a novel Precision Extrusion Deposition (PED) process technique to directly fabricate Polycaprolactone (PCL) and composite PCL/ Hydroxyapatite (HA) tissue scaffolds. The scaffold morphology and the mechanical properties were evaluated u...

Increasing anthropogenic influence on lotic environments as a result of civilisation has captured public interest because of the consequent problems associated with deterioration of water quality. Various biological monitoring methods that provide a direct measure of ecological integrity by using the response of biota to environmental changes have been developed to monitor the ecological status...

Referential integrity underlies the relational representation of objeceoriented structures. The concept of referential integrity in relational databases is hindered by the confusion surrounding both the concept itself and its implementation by relational database management systems (RDBMS). Most of this confusion is caused by the diversity of relational representations for object-oriented struc...

integrity is among the fundamental concepts in the field of cultural heritage and the importance of knowing this concept and examining its status in the philosophical principles of perseverance is so great that achieving integrity is introduced as among the basic criteria of optimal preservation of historical monuments. integrity has always been open to discussion in different historical period...

Publication of a flawed manuscript has significant consequences for the progress of science. When this proves to be intentional, science is brought into disrepute and this puts even more pressure on the shrinking resources that society is prepared to invest in research. All scientific journals, including the Journal of Neurochemistry, have witnessed a marked increase in the number of correction...

Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages have become part of the arsenal of tools used to assess and monitor biological health or integrity of surface waters. These communities are particularly well suited for such uses, since their relatively long lives, complex life cycles, and varying sensitivities mean that there is ample time for an interpretable response to environmental perturbations to occ...

Electronic systems, no matter how clever and intelligent they are, cannot yet demonstrate the reliability that biological systems can. Perhaps we can learn from these processes, which have developed through millions of years of evolution, in our pursuit of highly reliable systems. This article discusses how such systems, inspired by biological principles, might be built using simple embryonic c...

Stem cells, those elusive entities that have the capacity for producing, maintaining and reconstituting the integrity of a biological system, also demonstrate the potential to predict partial or life-threatening damage in response to drugs, environmental compounds and other agents. It is ironic however, that in the animal or human, prior to the manifestation of such potential biological damage ...

Throughout their evolution, animals have developed mechanisms which protect them against parasites or infections by detecting and destroying foreign biological material within their own bodies. These mechanisms for excluding “non-self” biological materials whilst at the same time maintaining the integrity of the “self” have evolved for hundreds of millions of years into a highly complex body sy...