In vivo estimations of Pb particle bioavailability are costly and variable, because of the nature of animal assays. The most feasible alternative for increasing the number of investigations carried out on Pb particle bioavailability is in vitro testing. This testing method requires calibration using in vivo data on an adapted animal model, so that the results will be valid for childhood exposur...

The UK Food Standards Agency convened a group of expert scientists to review current research investigating factors affecting iron status and the bioavailability of dietary iron. Results presented at the workshop show menstrual blood loss to be the major determinant of body iron stores in premenopausal women. In the presence of abundant and varied food supplies, the health consequences of lower...

The bioavailability of rafoxanide was compared after intraruminal and intra-abomasal administration in healthy adult sheep (n = 6) in a single dose, 2 parallel group study at 7.5 mg/kg. Rafoxanide concentrations in plasma were measured by means of HPLC analysis. Primary pharmacokinetic parameters for bioavailability and disposition of rafoxanide in plasma for both routes of administration were ...

C O N T E N T S I N T R O D U C T I O N . E P I D E M I O L O G I C A L P R I N C I P L E S RELEVANT T O D I E T A R Y S T U D I E S . D E F I N I N G EXPOSURE A N D O U T C O M E . G E N E R A L ISSUES T O BE C O N S I D E R E D W H E N ASSESSING D I E T A R Y E X P O S U R E S . COMPLEXITY OF DIETARY EXPOSURE. D 0 SE-R E S P 0 N S E RE L A T I 0 N S H I P . PH Y SI OLOG I c A L/M ETA BOL I c ...

Solid dispersions are a useful approach to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The aim of this study was to improve the physicochemical properties and bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble aprepitant by preparation of solid dispersions. The solid dispersions were characterized by dissolution, FTIR, XRPD, DSC, SEM...

The high-performance liquid-chromatographic method described here for the quantitative analysis for nitrofurantoin in urine and plasma involves direct analysis of urine samples and analysis of plasma samples after protein precipitation by methanol. The assay, which requires only 0.2 ml of biological fluid and shows a linear relationship in the range 0.02 to 200 mg/liter, can be performed in 9 m...

The purpose of this study was to determine if different methods for average bioequivalence in high variability drugs coincide or not in their conclusions when applied to the same dataset, and to discuss the method validity and reliability of the conclusions. Different approaches for the evaluation of average bioequivalence were applied to the results of a bioavailability trial on the diuretic d...

To achieve the desired therapeutic objective, the drug product must deliver the active drug at an optimal rate and amount. By proper biopharmaceutic design, the rate and extent of drug absorption (also called as bioavailability) or the systemic delivery of drugs to the body can be varied from rapid and complete absorption to slow and sustained absorption depending upon the desired therapeutic o...

•Plot of sample P richness vs. Bioavailable particulate P (PP). •Slope suggests from that PP is 35% bioavailable • This is not always the case two point were not included in the regression Bioavailable P Contributions •Results of all assays are presented in the table. •If the fraction of bioavailable P (fbio) is known then the contributions of each P form can change dramatically. •Contributions...