This paper presents briefly some of the principal results of a mortality analysis of a cohort of workers employed for at least 1 year between 1950 and 1975 at eight oil refineries and approximately 750 distribution centers in the U.K., together with detailed results for kidney cancer and leukemia. Over 99% of the workers were successfully traced. Their mortality was compared with that of all ma...

PURPOSE Petroleum refinery workers' exposure to the carcinogens benzene and 1,3-butadiene has decreased during normal operations. However, certain occupational groups or events at the refineries still involve a risk of higher exposures. The aim of this study was to examine the personal exposure to benzene and 1,3-butadiene at refinery turnarounds and during work in the oil harbour. METHODS Pe...

Technology, describe how taking an integrated approach to energy performance early in the design phase can deliver significant improvements in refinery energy efficiency. E nergy is the second single largest component of variable refinery operating expense, representing some 40-50% of total operating costs, excluding the cost of purchasing raw crude. Fuel and power consumption is also directly ...

Nowadays, air pollution is one of the major challenges in Assaluyeh, therefore, in the present study, according to the importance of the fourth refinery gas as the largest gas refinery in the region, the amount of emissions from Stacks and flares has been initially determined and then the distribution has been identified in the region. In this research, AERMOD and CALPUFF models have been used ...

there was a turning point in each period of time which human has discovered a new sight about the world and nature order in a way, and then has presented this relation by numeral, artful and industrial language. biourbanism focuses on the urban organism, considering it as a hyper complex system, according to its internal and external dynamics and their mutual interactions. nowadays when it is t...

OBJECTIVE Occupational exposure typical of an oil refinery may alter liver function among the workers. Thus, the objective of the study was to identify risk factors for liver enzyme abnormalities among oil refinery workers. METHODS The workers at an oil refinery in Northeastern Brazil underwent routine annual medical examination from 1982 to 1998. This case-control study investigated all the ...

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the batch adsorption of sulfur compounds from petroleum refinery wastewater on a chemically modified activated carbon (MAC). The modification technique enhances the removal capacity of carbon and therefore decreases cost-effective removal of sulfide from refinery wastewater. Different techniques have been used to characterize the modified activated carbo...

BACKGROUND An outbreak of serogroup C meningococcal disease (MD) that involved employees from an oil refinery occurred in Paulínia, from March to June 2010, and spread to the community of Cosmópolis, both situated in São Paulo State, Brazil. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and laboratory aspects, and the control measures that were implemented. METHODS Descriptive and...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the relationship between exposure of Korean workers to petrochemicals in the refinery/petrochemical industry and lymphohematopoietic cancers. METHODS The cohort consisted of 8,866 male workers who had worked from the 1960s to 2007 at one refinery and six petrochemical companies located in a refinery/petrochemical com...

The forest is considered as a significant source of woody biomass production. Sustainable production wood, lower emittance CO2 from burning, and amount sulfur heavy metals are the advantages woods rather than fossil fuels. utilization biomass, an energy resource, required four main steps production, pretreatment, bio-refinery, upgrading. This work reviews Machine Learning applications in raw ma...