Gallbladder carcinosarcoma is one of the rarest subsets of gallbladder malignancies. The first case of carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder was reported in 1907. To date, <100 cases have been reported in the English literature. The present study reports a case of gallbladder carcinosarcoma accompanied with tumor thrombi, presenting as a soft tissue mass in the common bile duct and resulting in the...

OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of bile duct injuries during single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) in relation to the accepted historic rate of 0.4% to 0.5% for standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SLC). BACKGROUND Technically, SILC is more challenging than SLC. The role and benefit of SILC in patient care has yet to be defined. Bile duct injuries have been reported in seve...

Gastro-oesophageal reflux and aspiration have been associated with chronic and end-stage lung disease and with allograft injury following lung transplantation. This raises the possibility that bile acids may cause lung injury by damaging airway epithelium. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bile acid challenge using the immortalised human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS...

background: the renin-angiotensin system has an important role in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. renin-angiotensin system blockade by angiotensinconverting enzyme (ace) inhibitors provides some protective effects against hepatic fibrogenesis. captopril as an ace inhibitor can decrease inflammatory mediators and attenuate hepatic fibrosis in the livers of bile duct ligated (bdl) rats. object...

Received 7, December, 2014 Received in revised form 19, December, 2014 Accepted 10, January, 2015 Published online 28, January, 2015 The gall stone formation (cholelithiasis) is well known global health problem since very early times. Various biochemical and patho-physiological factors have been reported to be associated with gall stone disease such as stasis of bile, obstruction in bile duct, ...

A 70-year-old man had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy due to a distal common bile duct malignancy. After the operation, serous fluid discharge decreased from two drain tubes in the retroperitoneum. Over four weeks, the appearance of the serous fluid changed to a greenish bile color and the patient persistently drained over 300 ml/day. Viewed as bile leak at the choledochojejunostomy, treatmen...

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing rapidly. In rats, surgically induced duodenoesophageal reflux is carcinogenic. One proposed mechanism of carcinogenesis is based on the reaction of physiological bile acids with nitrite to produce carcinogenic N:-nitroso amides. To test this hypothesis, duodenal juice was analyzed for endogenously formed N:-nitroso bile acids and its geno...

The concentrations of piperacillin in serum, bile, gallbladder wall, abdominal skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue were measured simultaneously at various times after the intravenous administration of a single 5-g dose to each of 14 patients undergoing biliary tract surgery. Piperacillin concentrated in the bile with peak levels exceeding 4,000 micrograms/ml. In a single patient with cystic duc...

Intestinal inflammation changes the luminal habitat for microbes through mechanisms that have not been fully resolved. We noticed that the FepE regulator of very long O-antigen chain assembly in the enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) conferred a luminal fitness advantage in the mouse colitis model. However, a fepE mutant was not defective for survival in ...