The analysis in Francis (2012c) was a modification of an approach proposed by Ioannidis and Trikalinos (2007). The basic argument was that the power values for the experiments in Piff et al. (2012a) were usually (with one exception) close to 0.5, so the probability that all seven experiments would reject the null hypothesis was so small that one doubted that the experiments were run properly an...

Publication bias remains a controversial issue in psychological science. The tendency of psychological science to avoid publishing null results produces a situation that limits the replicability assumption of science, as replication cannot be meaningful without the potential acknowledgment of failed replications. We argue that the field often constructs arguments to block the publication and in...

Using nationally representative household survey data from 1995 to 2006, this paper explores the gender wage gap among part-time and full-time salaried workers in post-apartheid South Africa, considering speci…cally how the magnitude of the gender-wage gap and the factors contributing to this gap have changed over time. The results, which are robust to the imputation of values for missing earni...

Communication among stakeholders is commonly held to improve agreement on facts and management goals. Results from statistical network analyses of six natural resource management systems indicate that the effects of communication depend on context. If communication affects stakeholder knowledge and values, it fosters agreement between stakeholder groups but it results in more disagreement withi...

Significant difference between response to real and hypothetical valuation questions is often referred to as hypothetical bias. The existence of hypothetical bias has been well documented in both experimental and field settings, but there is little consensus on how to systematically control for it. Cummings and Taylor have had success with using "cheap talk" (which entails reading a script that...

We discuss models in which the smallness of the effective vacuum energy density rL and the coincidence of the time of its dominance tL with the epoch of galaxy formation tG are due to anthropic selection effects. In such models, the probability distribution for rL is a product of an a priori distribution P*(rL) and of the number density of galaxies at a given rL ~which is proportional to the nu...

This paper shows how reported recreation values can be systematically underestimated when they are derived from price coefficients. Simulations show that these publication selection biases can be very large. Because selected price coefficients are transformed into estimates of value, conventional meta-analytic methods used to deal with publication selection will often make the bias worse. Simul...

We consider strategic voting with incomplete information and partially common values in sequential committees. A proposal is considered against the status quo in one committee, and only upon its approval advances for consideration in a second committee. Committee members (i) are privately and imperfectly informed about an unobservable state of nature which is relevant to their payoffs, and (ii)...

background: several studies have shown that attentional bias plays a role in the beginning, persistence and relapse of substance abuse disorder. therefore, identifying the factors related to attentional bias in substance abusers is important. in so doing, the present study was aimed at examining the relationship between attentional bias, anxiety sensitivity and metacognitive beliefs in substanc...