This article focuses on the interaction between the basal ganglia (BG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The BG are a group of nuclei at the base of the forebrain that are highly connected with cortex. A century of research suggests that the role of the BG is not exclusively motor, and that the BG also play an important role in learning and memory. In this review article, we argue that one important...

OBJECTIVE Hemoglobin A1c (HbA(1c)) has been widely used as a clinically important assessment tool for outcome analyses related to glycemic control. However, because of special conditions in dialysis patients, including the uremic milieu, there is no HbA(1c) blood glucose (BG) equation specific for patients on dialysis. In this study, we sought to develop HbA(1c)-BG equation models for hemodialy...

Many computational models of the basal ganglia (BG) have been proposed over the past twenty-five years. While computational neuroscience models have focused on closely matching the neurobiology of the BG, computational cognitive neuroscience (CCN) models have focused on how the BG can be used to implement cognitive and motor functions. This review article focuses on CCN models of the BG and how...

β-glucan (BG) and mulberry have received increasing attention for their benefits as natural sources of metabolic health. In the current study, we investigated the synergetic beneficial effects of BG and mulberry leaf extract (MLE) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL6 mice were fed a HFD for twelve weeks to induce significant obesity and insulin resistance. BG and MLE were administrate...

We describe here the set [BG, BG] of homotopy classes of self-maps of the classifying space BG , for any compact connected simple Lie group G. In particular, we show that two maps ƒ , f : BG —• BG are homotopic if and only if they are homotopic after restricting to the maximal torus of G ; or equivalently if and only if they induce the same homomorphism in rational cohomology. In addition, we i...

BACKGROUND Meals begin and end subjectively. We trained healthy subjects to recognize initial hunger as a preprandial target for meal consumption, and to create a "recognizing hunger" or initial hunger meal pattern. OBJECTIVE Training subjects to "recognize hunger" lowers blood glucose (BG) and improves energy balance, and lowers metabolic risks and bodyweight. A minority may have low BG and ...

This study aims were to evaluate the effects of using different concentrations (10%, 15%, 20%) black garlic (BG) as an alternative fresh on physicochemical, antioxidant, textural and sensory properties pastırma cemen paste (CP), determine most appropriate amount BG in terms consumer acceptance bioactive properties. The addition at increasing concentration decreased moisture, pH, colour (L*, a*,...

Bioglass-graphene oxide composites can be served as a high-potential candidate for biomedical applications due to its specific mechanical properties. In this study, the 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) - graphene oxide (GO) composite containing 2 wt. % GO was coated on titanium alloy via electrophoretic deposition process (EPD). The synthesized GO was incorporated into BG coating to improve the mechan...

Basic 7S globulin (Bg) is a raethionineand cysteine-rich glycoprotein which occurs in soybean seeds (1). The mature Bg is composed of highand low-kDa subunits which are linked by disulfide bonding. Bg is synthesized in the cotyledons during seed development. We isolated a cDNA clone (pBG 108) (sequence below) encoding Bg by using oligonucleotide probes which were constructed on the basis of ami...

BACKGROUND The relationship of hyperglycemia to general surgery outcomes is not well-understood. We studied the association of operative day and postoperative day 1 (POD1) blood glucose (BG) with outcomes after open colectomy for cancer. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively analyzed the 2000-2005 Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, linked with Veterans Affairs Decision ...