Interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta and interleukin (IL)-12 are cytokines critical in defense against viruses, but their cellular sources and mechanisms of regulation for in vivo expression remain poorly characterized. The studies presented here identified a novel subset of dendritic cells (DCs) as major producers of the cytokines during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) but not lymphocytic choriomeningiti...

Recent research has demonstrated that cortical motor areas are engaged when observing motor actions of others. However, little is known about the possible contribution of the motor system for evaluating the correctness of others' actions. To address this question we designed an MEG experiment in which subjects were executing and observing motor actions with and without errors. In the execution ...

Diabetes mellitus results from inadequate mass of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by absolute loss of beta cells due to autoimmune-mediated destruction. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by relative deficiency of beta cells due to lack of compensation for insulin resistance. Restoration of deficient beta cell mass by transplantation from exogenous source...

background: &beta-glucans; are glucose polymers with a variety of stimulatory effects on the immune system. the objective of this study was to evaluate the immune-enhancing activities of low molecular weight gamma irradiated &beta-glucan; (i&beta-g;) extracted from pleurotus ostreatus in response to pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in rats. materials and methods: &beta-glucan; (&beta-g;) powder...

We estimate the gravitational wave spectra generated in strongly supercooled phase transitions by bubble collisions and fluid motion. derive analytically thin-wall approximation efficiency factor that determines share of energy released transition between scalar field fluid. perform numerical simulations including as a function radius separately for all points on surfaces to take into account t...

Hierarchical beta process has found interesting applications in recent years. In this paper we present a modified hierarchical beta process prior with applications to hierarchical modeling of multiple data sources. The novel use of the prior over a hierarchical factor model allows factors to be shared across different sources. We derive a slice sampler for this model, enabling tractable inferen...

Deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) was purified from the dimorphic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus at three stages in development. Enzyme from pure populations of stalked cells, as well as populations enriched in swarmer and predivisional cells, appeared identical in subunit structure and template requirements. The molecular weights of the enzyme sub...

Metallic nanocavity lasers provide important technological advancement toward even smaller integrable light sources. They give access to widely unexplored lasing physics in which the distinction between different operational regimes, like those of thermal or coherent emission, becomes increasingly challenging upon approaching a device with near-perfect spontaneous-emission coupling factor ? $\b...

The growth of Pichia pastoris in a mixture of either glycerol or glucose and methanol follows a diauxic growth, with C1 utilizing enzymes being repressed. Therefore, these carbon sources can not be used as a mixture with methanol to simultaneously grow P. pastoris and induce C1 utilizing enzymes, especially in a shake flask cultures of AOX-deficient P. pastoris. Among the alternative carbon sou...

A hyperlipidemic control serum can be simple prepared from animal lipid sources. Beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteins containing cholesterol and triglyceride are removed from porcine serum by treatment with dextran sulfate and calcium ions. A triglyceride-rich fraction containing only trace amounts of cholesterol is isolated from chicken egg-yolks. The two fractions are then combined in 40 mmol/L so...