| General formulas for entropy, mutual information, and divergence are established. It is revealed that these quantities are actually determined by three decisive sequences of random variables; which are, respectively, the normalized source information density, the normalized channel information density, and the normalized log-likelihood ratio. In terms of the ultimate cumulative distribution f...

The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family of growth factors control proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis and/ or differentiation in a wide variety of cells. However, the molecular mechanisms governing ligand binding, receptor oligomerization and signal transduction remain incompletely understood. In this study, we utilized a set of antibodies selective for the extracellular...

Medication errors have important effects on increased length of hospitalization, increased mortality and costs. We assessed the incidence of medication errors and characterize the error types in an emergency department in a large teaching hospital in Tehran. We also investigated the effect of Emergency Department pharmacists on patient safety with regard to recovery of potentially harmful m...

Unlike previous research, this study develops an integrated inventory model for controllable lead time with defective items, errors in inspection, and variable considering sustainability. The research investigates the effect of controlling capital investment setup cost. We assume that buyer receives a lot size may contain some items known probability. buyer’s inspector conducts 100% quality ins...

In this paper, we consider the problem of testing two separate families of hypotheses via a generalization of the sequential probability ratio test. In particular, the generalized likelihood ratio statistic is considered and the stopping rule is the first boundary crossing of the generalized likelihood ratio statistic. We show that this sequential test is asymptotically optimal in the sense tha...

Power calculations are derived for matched case-control studies in terms of the probability po of exposure among the control patients, the correlation coefficient phi for exposure between matched case and control patients, and the odds ratio psi for exposure in case and control patients. For given Type I and Type II error probabilities alpha and beta, the odds ratio that can be detected with a ...

Abstract. A simple step-stress accelerated life testing plan is considered when the failure times in each level of stress are geometrically distributed under Type-I censoring. The problem of choosing the optimal plan is investigated using the asymptotic variance-optimality as well as determinant-optimality and probability-optimality criteria. To illustrate the results of the paper, an example i...

Duncan's Bayesian decision-theoretic multiple comparison procedure requires a decision on the relative magnitudes of losses due to Type I and Type II errors. In this paper, the relative losses are chosen so that the procedure results in weak control of familywise error at the .05 level, i.e. the probability that all hypotheses are accepted is .95 when all hypotheses are true. Duncan's Bayesian ...