Solution concepts in cooperative games are based on either cost games or benefit games. Although cost games and benefit games are strategically equivalent, that is not the case in general for solution concepts. Motivated by this important observation, a new property called invariance property with respect to benefit/cost allocation is introduced in this paper. Since such a property can be regar...

BACKGROUND Determining eligibility for a kidney transplant is one of the most important decisions facing nephrologists. It is assumed that the harm of kidney transplantation is minimal and most will benefit. The purpose of this study was to quantify the probability of 'no benefit' as defined by death on the wait list; 'harm', defined by the probability that a transplanted patient would live les...

Background and aim: Side effects of cigarette smoking are among the major concerns. These complications can adversely affect the oral environment. Since reduced salivary flow rate increases the incidence of tooth decay and other dental and oral problems, the present research aimed to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and salivary flow rate. Materials and Methods: In this h...

Objective. To determine whether a program incorporating smoking intervention and use of an inhaled bronchodilator can slow the rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV') in smokers aged 35 to 60 years who have mild obstructive pulmonary disease. Design. Randomized clinical trial. Participants randomized with equal probability to one of the following groups: (1) smoking inter...

The MOBIO database provides a challenging test-bed for speaker and face recognition systems because it includes voice and face samples as they would appear in forensic scenarios. In this paper, we investigate uni-modal and bimodal multi-algorithm fusion using logistic regression. The source speaker and face recognition systems were taken from the 2013 speaker and face recognition evaluations th...

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to obtain the optimal amount of expenses of government relating to the protection of property rights (PPRs). To achieve these purposes we have introduced concept of social intelligence with respect to PPRs and then developed different growth model from existing literature. In the second step the optimal share of government spending on the PPRs is calcu...