History from below is insurgent history, deriving much of its popularity and power movements below. The phrase had modern origin in the 1930s, when Lucien Febvre, Georges Lefebvre, A.L. Morton used it to discuss history working people France England. term exploded into wider international usage 1960s 1970s as various arose demand new histories. In US many other parts world civil rights Black de...

The recipient is a stimulus-external factor that has so far hardly been investigated in hate-speech research. However, addressing this essential to understand how and why hate speech unfolds its negative effects which characteristics of the influence these effects. present study focuses on recipient. Building previous findings from explicit ratings initial successful replications such through b...