When we know and recognize one another, our souls join with those of others. This is called ta’aruf in the parlance of the Qur’an. Ta’aruf increases love and unity, as it decreases violence and enmity. Knowing one another occurs in several ways. One way to know others is to love the same thing that they do. This means that several people will love a similar spiritual being. Fr...

Daniel Callahan: Taming the Beloved Beast is published by Princeton University Press and copyrighted, © 2009, by Princeton University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher, except for reading and...

The performing art of violin was introduced, popularized and developed in China as the result of an economic and cultural exchange between the east and west. Chinese violin music has its unique characteristics, which is rooted from Chinese tradition music and philosophy bounded with western composing concept and rich violin techniques. The efforts by Chinese musicians and violin educators in th...

Although slavery has ended, the African-American people remained object of oppression, violence, and racism in white countries, particularly America, which is setting novel. Beloved, was written 1987 by Toni Morison, depicts multiple sorts oppression that black have experienced America their oppressors. On other hand, Fanon argues societies are reduced to mere objects exploited endlessly, there...