ABSTRACT  BACKGROUND: PIXE (Particle Induced X-Ray Emission) is a suitable method for the analysis of biological samples in which heavy trace elements are contained in light matrix elements. It is very important to know which factors or probably elements act as initial seed and lead to growing the sands. The goal of this study was to compare the relative values of Fe/K, Cu/K and Zn/K for gallst...

aim : to assess the complications of bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in loghman medical center, tehran. background : the incidence of complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has increased dramatically since the introduction and widespread use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.  patients and methods : from january 1998 to january 2002, a total of 155 laparoscopic cholecystec...

total petroleum hydrocarbon ( tph ) are environmental contaminants that are released into the marine environment through oil spills, industrial and domestic activities. tph are readily transformed into more hydrophilic metabolites, which are accumulated in bile. thus fish bile can be used as a biomarker of exposure of fish to tph in the marine environment. in this study several stations were se...

abstract  background: pixe (particle induced x-ray emission) is a suitable method for the analysis of biological samples in which heavy trace elements are contained in light matrix elements. it is very important to know which factors or probably elements act as initial seed and lead to growing the sands. the goal of this study was to compare the relative values of fe/k, cu/k and zn/k for gallst...

Lactobacillus strains are a major part of the probiotics, microflora of the intestine and of fermented dairy products, and are found in a variety of environments. The aim of this study was to find out the ability of bile and acid tolerance and antibacterial properties of the twenty eight isolates of three group lactobacilli namely Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus d...

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is an invasive biliary malignancy with poor prognosis. Diagnostic accuracy of conventional methods is low which is mainly due to the specific anatomy of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of biochemical profile and tumor marker of the bile in patients with malignant cholestasis compared to that of choledocholithiasis. ...

this paper explores people’s behavior when they are facing financial risks. through the setting of an economics experiment, people’s willingness to bear financial risks and their tendency to impose risks on others are investigated. the experiment result shows that most people are risk-neutral or risk-averse when making decision under financial environment, and their tendency to impose risks on ...

The Brown bear (Ursusarctos) is a species at risk of extinction. It is considered the largestcarnivore and lives in northern Iran. Several studies on the structure of skullhave been  accomplished in differentanimals. The aim of this study was the inscription of gross anatomicalcharacteristics of skulls of three Iranian adult male brown bears that weretransferred  to the Anatomical Departmentof ...

carcinoid tumors of the bile duct are rare. despite cholangiocarcinoma, they grow more slowly and generally occur in younger patients and females. these tumors have a better prognosis and more disease-free survival. we present the case of a 25-year- old male with common bile duct (cbd) carcinoid tumor misdiagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma.