BACKGROUND Bedtime ingestion of slow-release carbohydrates leads to sustained nocturnal fatty acid suppression and improved glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effects of 2 different doses of bedtime carbohydrate supplement (BCS) on morning glycemic control and glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1c)) in type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, the effects of ...

BACKGROUND Geographic variations in the use of mastectomy and the use of radiation therapy (RT) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) have motivated concerns that surgeons are not uniformly adhering to treatment standards. METHODS The authors surveyed attending surgeons of a population-based sample of patients with breast carcinoma diagnosed in Detroit and Los Angeles from December 2001 to Ja...

The objective of the present study was to quantify the relationships among body condition score (BCS; scale 1 to 5), live weight (WT) and milk production in Irish Holstein-Friesian spring calving dairy cows. Data were from 66 commercial dairy herds during the years 1999 and 2000. The data consisted of up to 9886 lactations with records for BCS or WT at least once pre-calving, or at calving, nad...

Obesity-related health and reproductive problems may be contributing to non-sustainability of zoo African elephant (Loxodonta africana) populations. However, a major constraint in screening for obesity in elephants is lack of a practical method to accurately assess body fat. Body condition scoring (BCS) is the assessment of subcutaneous fat stores based on visual evaluation and provides an imme...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, representing 16% of all female cancers. According to the American Cancer Society, long-term cancer survival is defined as more than five years of survivorship since diagnosis, with approximately 2.5 million breast cancer survivors (BCS) in 2006. The long-term effects from breast cancer and its treatment have been shown to have positiv...

PURPOSE Breast conservation surgery (BCS) has become a standard treatment method for patients with early breast cancer. Endoscopy-assisted BCS (EABCS) can be performed through an inconspicuous periareolar and a small axillary incision for sentinel node biopsy, which may give better cosmetic outcomes than conventional BCS skin incisions. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of EAB...

OBJECTIVE Breast cancer survivors (BCS) are at high risk for the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. There is increasing interest in the association between depression and metabolic dysfunction, which is relevant in this population as depression is often present in the chronic phase of cancer recovery. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic r...

We study the connection between the BCS pairing model and the inhomogeneous vertex model. The two spectral problems coincide in the quasi– classical limit of the off–shell Bethe Ansatz of the disordered six vertex model. The latter problem is transformed into an auxiliary spectral problem which corresponds to the diagonalization of the integrals of motion of the BCS model. A generating function...

Experimental control over inter-atomic interactions by adjusting external parameters is discussed. Qualitatively different time evolution of the order parameter are predicted theoretically in ultracold atomic fermions with time-dependent pairing interaction. Following an abrupt change of the pairing strength, the order parameter undergoes undamped oscillation, damping oscillation and exponentia...

An extension of Dijkstra's guarded command language is studied, including unbounded demonic choice and a backtrack operator. We consider three orderings on this language: a reenement ordering deened by Back, a new deadlock ordering, and an approximation ordering of Nelson. The deadlock ordering is in between the two other orderings. All operators are monotonic in the Nelson ordering, but backtr...