Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains mannosylated cell wall components which are important in macrophage recognition and response. The building block for the mannosyl constituents of these components is GDP-mannose, which is synthesized through a series of enzymes involved in the mannose donor biosynthesis pathway. Nothing is known about the expression levels of the genes encoding these enzymes ...

For protection against intracellular bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes, the cellular arm of adaptive immunity is necessary. A variety of immunization methods have been evaluated and are reported to induce specific CD8(+) T cells against intracellular bacterial infection. Modified BCG vaccines have been examined to enhance CD8(+) T-cell responses. Naked DNA v...

Cutaneous complications of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, especially in the form of generalised disease, are uncommon and mostly occur in immunocompromised individuals. There is a paucity of data on the cutaneous adverse reactions secondary to BCG immunotherapy in leprosy. We report two unique cases of disseminated cutaneous BCG infection following immunotherapy in patients with leprom...

Bacille de Calmette et Guerin (BCG) is the only licensed tuberculosis vaccine to prevent severe tuberculosis. The adverse events of BCG vaccination, including local reactions, lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis, tuberculid, and disseminated infection, have been reported. Two infants presented erythema at the inoculation site of BCG after the resolution of Kawasaki disease (KD). They received BCG vacc...

Background and aims: Salmonella spp. infect cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals and maycause a worldwide zoonotic disease, salmonellosis, in infected animals. Rodents can be Salmonellacarriers without any signs of salmonellosis. The frequency of salmonella contamination, the presence ofvirulence genes (SpvR and SpvB) and antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated Salmonella w...

Infection of mothers with schistosomiasis and filariasis has been shown to influence infant responses to neonatal Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization. The genetic makeup of infants is also considered an important determinant for the activity of BCG vaccine. The effect of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene polymorphism on the efficacy of BCG vaccine was exami...

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death in people with HIV (PWH) on or off antiretroviral therapy (ART); thus, new TB vaccine candidates should be evaluated setting HIV. Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), live attenuated bacterial given intradermally (ID) at birth, contraindicated PWH. We recently demonstrated that intravenous (IV) delivery BCG elicits superior...

the purpose of this study was to survey infections with salmonella spp. in poultry flocks in the vicinity of tehran and to determine the most frequent serogroups and serotypes implicated. twenty-eight samples of pullet, layer, and broiler flocks were randomly collected (n=1463), including freshly dropped feces from live birds or visceral organs from dead birds. in most flocks, 60 samples were t...