Throughout Africa, there has been a rising amount of civil unrest. The continent has been plagued with genocide, resource wars, ethnic conflict and civil war. In recent years, the world has seen multiple efforts to create peace throughout Africa. While there have been many peace accords signed throughout the region, the success of creating stable peace has not been achieved. In response to the ...

interrogation of quran means to ask question in presence of quran and asking of it to utterance and answer. this word first time has been brought up by imam ali (peace be upon him). religious scholars have used it generally to exegesis of quran to quran, paraphrase, subjective exegesis and deduction from quran. all of these applications consists one of the several aspects of interrogation. inte...

Does an individual’s exposure to personal violence during civil war tend to make them more “angry” and anti-peace, or more “weary” and pro-peace? Despite the fundamental nature of this question and its potential consequences for conflict duration, termination, and recurrence, it remains largely unanswered. This paper examines the effect of exposure to direct violence faced by Darfurian civilian...

the amount of reliability on outward aspects of the quran and the role of traditions in it has been one of the linguistic basics of the holy quran and it has allocated to itself a large volume of principled and hermeneutical subjects. we faced two sets of statements in teachings of imam ali (pbuh). the first category are the evidences that it may be understood from them authority and validity o...