In this paper, uncertain dominance is introduced, which is a new ranking criterion for uncertain variables. Some properties of uncertain dominance are investigated. Necessary and sufficient conditions for lower order uncertain dominance are given, and for higher order uncertain dominance, we give two necessary conditions. And we give an example of portfolio for its application.

In the current era of worldwide market interdependencies, the global financial village has become increasingly vulnerable to systemic collapse. The global financial crisis has highlighted the necessity of understanding and quantifying the interdependencies among the world’s economies; developing new, effective approaches for risk evaluation; and providing mitigating solutions. We present a meth...

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have the potential to enable these businesses to grow through access to new markets and administrative efficiencies. However, the growth of the smallest of these SMEs which are micro-enterprises is hindered by their inability to adopt ICTs. This paper investigates how micro-enterprises can ...

This paper considers the functioning approach to the standard of living. It shows that, in evaluating standards of living, one is faced with deep-rooted tensions between the principle of minimal relativism, which requires some minimal respect for differences between the evaluations of different individuals and/or the differences between the norms of different communities, and the principle of d...

In this paper, it is argued that after decades of a strong dominance of the notion of housing affordability in the housing provision discourse, there is a need to shift the emphasis from housing affordability to housing accessibility. Based on a literature analysis of how the concept of housing affordability has been debated and promoted as an appropriate policy instrument our main argument is ...

This paper presents new evidence on the proportion of women in poverty in ten developing countries. It compares poverty measures for males and females and maleand female-headed households, and investigates the sensitivity of these measures to the use of per-capita and per-adult equivalent units and different definitions of the poverty line. While poverty measures are higher for female-headed ho...