The rapid separation and efficient recycling of catalysts after a catalytic reaction are considered important requirements along with the high performances. In this view, although heterogeneous catalysis is generally less if compared to homogeneous type, it preferred since benefits from easy recovery catalyst. Recycling using traditional methods such as extraction, filtration, vacuum distillati...

This work presents the recovery of biosorption supports as an alternative source of benign production of heterogeneous catalysts for oxidation reactions in mild conditions. Cr-containing FAU zeolite, in sodium form (NaY) and in proton form (HY), was recovered from biosorption studies and reused as support for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts by the flexible ligand method, using 1,3-di...

Deactivation of heterogeneous catalysts is a ubiquitous problem that causes loss of catalytic rate with time. This review on deactivation and regeneration of heterogeneous catalysts classifies deactivation by type (chemical, thermal, and mechanical) and by mechanism (poisoning, fouling, thermal degradation, vapor formation, vapor-solid and solid-solid reactions, and attrition/crushing). The key...

Abstract In the conventional lattice percolation models, bonds or sites are open at random, whereas in reality there is often interplay of and kinetics under consideration. An interesting practically important example hydrocarbon conversion occurring a reactor containing ∼</mm...

Basic characteristics of heteropolyacids as green catalysts are overviewed, focusing on the various reaction fields in which the heteropolyacid catalysts function as acid and oxidation catalysts, and then two industrial processes which were made very green by the use of heteropolyacid catalysts in liquid biphase systems are described. In this context an interesting new reaction field formed at ...

Catalytic activities of palladium catalysts supported on activated carbon and carbon nanotubes were investigated in the one-pot synthesis of R-1phenylethyl acetate in combination with an immobilized lipase in toluene. Palladium catalysts on carbon nanotubes with nitrogen-containing surface groups were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The basic N-CNT support was synthesized by post-tr...