Placed in the larger context of broadening the engagement with systems dynamics and complexity theory in school-aged learning and teaching, this paper is intended to introduce, situate, and illustrate—with results from the use of network supported participatory simulations in classrooms—a stance we call ‘embedded complementarity’ as an account of the relations between two major forms of systems...

Cohen, March and Olsen's Garbage Can Model (GCM) of organizational choice represent perhaps the first ñ and remains by far the most influential ñagent-based representation of organizational decision processes. According to the GCM organizations are conceptualized as crossroads of time-dependent flows of four distinct classes of objects: 'participants,' 'opportunities,' 'solutions' and 'problems...

Although the great French mathematician and physicist Henri Poincaré more than a century ago identified systems sensitive to initial conditions, which typically are associated with deterministic chaos, it was with the advent of computer simulations in the 1960 ́s and 1970 ́s, and especially agent-based simulations that everything changed (Solé and Goodwin 2000). The study of ecological and social...