A three-dimensional hybrid cellular automata (CA) model is developed to study the dynamic process of multicellular tumour spheroid (MTS) growth by introducing hypoxia as an important microenvironment factor which influences cell migration and cell phenotype expression. The model enables us to examine the effects of different hypoxic environments on the growth history of the MTS and to study the...

The non-uniqueness of geodesics joining two given points in universal Teichm uller space is proved in the previous paper 7]. The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the non-uniqueness of geodesics in any innnite-dimensional Teichm uller space. It is proved that if 1 and 2 are two extremal Beltrami diierentials belonging to a point ] of a Teichm uller space and 1 ? 2 does not belong to N-...

In this paper a novel approach based on Asymptotic Iteration Method (AIM) is presented to solve analytically the light propagation through one-dimensional inhomogeneous slab waveguide. Practically implemented optical slab waveguides based on traditional techniques are usually inhomogeneous and numerical methods are used to obtain guided wave characteristics. In this work, we develop analytical ...

We consider the scattering and lens rigidity of compact surfaces with boundary that have a trapped geodesic. In particular we show that the flat cylinder and the flat Möbius strip are determined by their lens data. We also see by example that the flat Möbius strip is not determined by it’s scattering data. We then consider the case of negatively curved cylinders with convex boundary and show th...

We study the local geometry of the space of horizontal curves with endpoints freely varying in two given submanifolds P and Q of a manifold M endowed with a distribution D ⊂ TM. We give a different proof, that holds in a more general context, of a result by Bismut [2, Theorem 1.17] stating that the normal extremizers that are not abnormal are critical points of the sub-Riemannian action functio...

In this note based on paper [3] we deal with domains D (i.e. connected open subsets) of a Finsler manifold (M, F ). At first we carry out a comparison between different notions of convexity for their boundaries. Then a careful application of variational methods to the geodesic problem yields that the convexity of ∂D is equivalent to the existence of a minimal geodesic for each pair of points of...