abstract: country’s fiber optic network, as one of the most important communication infrastructures, is of high importance; therefore, ensuring security of the network and its data is essential. no remarkable research has been done on assessing security of the country’s fiber optic network. besides, according to an official statistics released by ertebatat zirsakht company, unwanted disconnec...

مهندسان در طراحی های بزرگ و پیچیده، قبل از ساخت نمونه فیزیکی و برآورد هزینه و زمان ساخت آن احتیاج به شبیه سازی کامپیوتری سخت افزار دارند. از طرفی سرعت شبیه سازهای متداول برای حجم بزرگ مدار بسیار کند می شود و این به دلیل محاسبات زیادی است که برای بدست آوردن اطلاعات ریز زمانی مدار انجام می شود. اما در بسیاری از موارد یک طراح احتیاج به دیدن درستی عملکرد طرح خود دارد و نه اطلاعات ریز زمانی آن. در ا...

over the past decades a number of approaches have been applied for forecasting mortality. in 1992, a new method for long-run forecast of the level and age pattern of mortality was published by lee and carter. this method was welcomed by many authors so it was extended through a wider class of generalized, parametric and nonlinear model. this model represents one of the most influential recent d...

hedging is a multi-purpose rhetorical strategy which is usually used in scientific arguments to secure ratification of claims, reduce the risk of negation, avoid conflict, manage disagreement and leave room for the audience to assess presented information. hedges are frequently used in research articles to mitigate the findings of research endeavors. the present research aims to investigate the...

learning-oriented assessment seeks to emphasise that a fundamental purpose of assessment should be to promote learning. it mirrors formative assessment and assessment for learning processes. it can be defined as actions undertaken by teachers and / or students, which provide feedback for the improvement of teaching and learning. it also contrasts with equally important measurement-focused appro...

توسعه و افزایش تولید صنایع و در پی آن رشد اقتصادی و اجتماعی یک جامعه در قرن جدید، با خودکار کردن روندهای تولید گره خورده است. یکی از اجزای خودکار ساختن صنایع، استفاده از روباتها در چرخه تولید به منظورهای مختلف می¬باشد؛ رنگ پاشی، جابجایی، نصب قطعات و جوشکاری بخش کوچکی از فضایی است که به روباتهای کارا نیازمند است. پس از استفاده فراوان از روباتهای سرال در صنایع و انجام پژوهشهای پایه¬ای بر روی طراح...

this study aimed to investigate the effects of listening strategy training on iranian efl learners listening comprehension and use of such strategies. this work, employing an experimental methodology, was conducted among 60 adult efl learners from a language institute in isfahan, iran, as participants. the participants, who were selected based on the results of a placement test, were assigned t...