Two field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Farm of the Faculty Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt, during two growing seasons 2018 and 2019 to investigate productivity soybean (Glycine max L.) under different sowing dates (May 5, May 20 and  June 3) weed control treatments (no weeding (control), hand 40 DAP, chemical by pendimethalin (omega herbicide) rate 1.7 L/fed oxyflur...

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for discriminating Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. hapla, and M. chitwoodi was developed. Single juveniles were ruptured in a drop of water and added directly to a PCR reaction mixture in a microcentrifuge tube. Primer annealing sites were located in the 3' portion of the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome oxidase subunit II and...

The effect of organic amendments and pesticides on a soil microbial community has garnered considerable interest due to the involvement of microorganisms in numerous soil conservation and maintenance reactions. The aim of this work was to assess the influence on a soil microbial community of the simultaneous application of the herbicide triasulfuron at three doses (2, 10, and 50 mg kg-1), with ...

This paper is the third in a series designed to demonstrate the application of rigorous, systematic hazard identification techniques to ecological systems. Here we use Hierarchical Holographic Modelling to identify the potential ecological hazards associated with the commercial release of herbicide tolerant oilseed rape. Hierarchical Holographic Models decompose complex systems into a series of...

Herbicide-resistance mutations may impose a fitness penalty in herbicide-free environments. Moreover, the fitness penalty associated with herbicide resistance is not a stable parameter and can be influenced by ecological factors. Here, we used two Brachypodium hybridum accessions collected from the same planted forest, sensitive (S) and target-site resistance (TSR) to photosystem II (PSII) inhi...

The emergence of multicore architectures and highly scalable platforms motivates the development of novel algorithms and techniques that emphasize concurrency and are tolerant of deep memory hierarchies, as opposed to minimizing raw FLOP counts. While direct solvers are reliable, they are often slow and memory-intensive for large problems. Iterative solvers, on the other hand, are more efficien...

abstract in order to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen application methods on yield and yield components of winter wheat, a field experiment with split plot arrangement in completely randomized blocks design with four replicates was conducted in 2006. basal dressing in three levels (1- with no basal dressing, 2- strip and 3- distributing nitrogen fertilizer) as main plot and top dressin...

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world for several reasons, including: 1) high level of effectiveness, 2) flexibility in application, 3) large margin of crop safety in glyphosate resistant crops, and 4) safety to applicators and the environment. Glyphosate was used for more than 20 years before weeds developed resistance to the chemical. This relative low risk of glyphosate r...

by the publication of a high-quality genome sequence—only the third such sequence for any plant species (Tuskan et al. 2006). In spite of over 200 field trials of GE trees that have been reported in at least 35 countries, the only commercially deployed transgenic trees are insect-resistant Populus nigra and white poplar (clone 741) in China (Food and Agriculture Organization 2004), and virus-re...

Cogongrass, an invasive grass native to Asia, has infested thousands of hectares in the southeastern United States. Although numerous studies have examined cogongrass control, no published studies, to our knowledge, have tested strategies for cogongrass eradication. Cogongrass has a persistent, thick rhizome mat but an ephemeral seedbank; therefore, successful eradication methods must largely f...