BACKGROUND: Aerosol therapy using albuterol is one of the most prescribed asthma treatments. The most frequently used methods of aerosol delivery are pneumatic jet nebulizer (JN), pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI), and breath-actuated nebulizer (BAN). Choosing among these devices is usually not based on thorough comparison of efficiency or cost. We compare the efficiency of these three de...

The 50th anniversary of the Brazilian Academy Neurology (BAN) is being celebrated. BAN was founded on May 5th, in 1962. The BAN initial leaders and members are treated with reverence, as well as the honorable place where its foundation took place: the Institute of Neurology, first in Brazil, at the backyards of the ancient National Hospice for the Insane, which is an important and fruitful birt...

BACKGROUND The introduction of total smoking bans represents an important step in addressing the smoking and physical health of people with mental illness. Despite evidence indicating the importance of staff support in the successful implementation of smoking bans, limited research has examined levels of staff support prior to the implementation of a ban in psychiatric settings, or factors that...

Protocols in electronic commerce and other securitysensitive applications require careful reasoning to demonstrate their robustness against attacks. Several logics have been developed for doing this reasoning formally,but protocol designers usually do the proofs by hand, a process which is time-consuming and error-prone. We present a new approach, theory checking, to analyzing and verifying pro...

This study compared the acute effect of ingesting bananas (BAN) versus a 6% carbohydrate drink (CHO) on 75-km cycling performance and post-exercise inflammation, oxidative stress, and innate immune function using traditional and metabolomics-based profiling. Trained cyclists (N = 14) completed two 75-km cycling time trials (randomized, crossover) while ingesting BAN or CHO (0.2 g/kg carbohydrat...

BACKGROUND In February 2003, a comprehensive ban on tobacco promotion came into effect in the United Kingdom, which prohibited tobacco marketing through print and broadcast media, billboards, the internet, direct mail, product placement, promotions, free gifts, coupons and sponsorships. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of the UK's comprehensive ban on tobacco promotion on adult smokers' aw...

BACKGROUND On January 1, 2008, the French government implemented a national ban on indoor smoking in hospitality venues. Survey results indicate the indoor ban has been successful at dramatically reducing indoor smoking; however, there are reports of an increased number of outdoor hospitality spaces (patios) where smoking can take place. This study sought to understand if the indoor ban simply ...

Multi-receiver public key encryption is an essential cryptography paradigm, which enables flexible, on-demand, and low computing to transmit one message securely among the users by the to form over an insecure network. In this paper, we propose a novel Chaotic Maps-based Multi-Receiver scheme, named CMMR, aiming to require one ciphertext with non-interactive process for achieve authentication a...

OBJECTIVES As of October 2009, seven U.S. states and the District of Columbia (D.C.) ban driving while talking on a handheld cell phone. Long-term effects on driver handheld phone use in D.C., New York State, and Connecticut were examined. METHODS The percentage of drivers talking on handheld cell phones was measured over time with daytime observation surveys in the jurisdictions with bans an...