Determining the viability of protists and small microzooplankton has long been a focus of studies in marine biology and ecology. It is especially relevant in the issue of shipborne invasive species, and impending international guidelines and various national regulations on the allowable concentrations of organisms in discharged ballast water have spurred the growth of an industry that develops ...

Understanding the implications of different management strategies is necessary to identify best conservation trajectories for ecosystems exposed to anthropogenic stressors. For example, science-based risk assessments at large scales are needed to understand efficacy of different vector management approaches aimed at preventing biological invasions associated with commercial shipping. We conduct...

The Indo-Pacific Red Lionfish was first reported off the Florida coast in 1985, following which it has spread across much of the SE USA, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea. Lionfish negatively impact fish and invertebrate assemblages and abundances, thus further spread is cause for concern. To date, the fish has not been reported on the Pacific coast of North or Central America. Here we examine ...

A constitutive model based on plasticity theory with a non-associative flow rule has been developed. The model is formulated in terms of sleeper displacements and forces, and includes hardening and softening controlled by irreversible transversal (lateral and longitudinal) sleeper displacements. The model has been calibrated using results from lateral and longitudinal ballast resistance tests c...

In the present study, the ballast waters from 24 ships arriving at Shahid Rajaee Port in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan Province, Iran, were studied in two warm and cold seasons (summer 2017 and winter 2018). The zooplankton sampling was conducted under the MEPC 173(58) method, by bucket and using a 50-micron mesh to filter 300 liters of ballast water. In total, 57 zooplankton species, belonging to 8 ...

Traditional operating system architectures are not able to cope with the demands of ubiquitous computing. These demands include mobility of code and running applications, precise resource control, robustness, and user-friendly failure handling. Furthermore, traditional operating systems were designed for desktop or server use and contain functionality that is ballast for a ubiquitous system. On...

Compact fluorescent emergency luminaires present unique challenges. Not only must the emergency gear and ballast be crammed into small confines of the luminaire but there is the additional problem of excessive temperature to deal with. This paper describes the design of an optimal electronic ballast/emergency control unit specifically aimed at the South African market where the traditional swit...

The steady-state oscillation of a zero-voltageswitching clamped-voltage self-oscillating ballast driven by a saturable transformer is analyzed and simulated. Its selfoscillating operation is divided into six stages according to the hysteresis B–H loop of saturable transformer cores. Stage-wise circuit analysis shows the saturable transformer limits the lamp current and dominates the switching f...

Ballast bed deformation is significantly influenced by its internal stress state. However, investigations concerning ballast focus mainly on the behaviour under various ...

The ballast water treatment method consists of bubbling the inert gas via a row of pipes (orifices at the bottom of the pipes) located at the bottom of the tank, while maintaining a negative pressures of -2 psi at the ullage space. The inert gas from a standard shipboard inert gas generator is composed of 84% Nitrogen, 12-14% CO2 and 2% Oxygen. The ballast water will be equilibrated with gas fr...