The extent and diversity of T cell differentiation in nude athymic mice are matters of dispute. In this study, we examined the splenic T cell population of pathogen-free and germ-free nu/nu mice, treated or not treated with the pentapeptide analogue of thymopoietin (TP-5), in terms of TL, Qa-1, and Lyt phenotypes. At all ages, 50-60% of nu/nu splenocytes, enriched for T lymphocytes by removal o...

BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare disorder with variable disease progression. To date, mutations in more than 20 different genes have been found. At present, PCD subtypes are described according to the ultrastructural defect on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the motile cilia. PCD with normal ultrastructure (NU) is rarely reported because it requires additional tes...

The aim of this paper is the study of fuzzy $Gamma$-hyperrings. In thisregard the notion of -fuzzy hyperideals of $Gamma$-hyperrings are introduced andbasic properties of them are investigated. In particular, the representationtheorem for $nu$-fuzzy hyperideals are given and it is shown that the image of a-fuzzy hyperideal of a $Gamma$-hyperring under a certain conditions is two-valued.Finally,...

Images rendered by uncooled microbolometer-based infrared (IR) cameras are severely degraded by the spatial non-uniformity (NU) noise. The NU noise imposes a fixed-pattern over the true images, and the intensity of the pattern changes with time due to the temperature instability of such cameras. In this paper, we present a novel model and a compensation algorithm for the spatial NU noise and it...

Four species of probiotic bacteria were assessed for their capacities to protect athymic bg/bg-nu/nu and euthymic bg/bg-nu/+ mice from mucosal and systemic candidiasis. Each bacterial species and Candida albicans colonized the gastrointestinal tracts of both strains of mice. The presence of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei GG, or Bifidoba...

BACKGROUND Murine leukemia virus, LP-BM5, induces severe immunodeficiency with abnormal lymphoproliferation in susceptible C57BL/6 mice. In a previous study, it was shown that a Sjögren's syndrome-like systemic exocrinopathy is induced in the virus infected mice. AIMS To examine lymphocyte functions of the virus infected mice. METHODS Four-week old mice were inoculated with the virus and th...

We present a new method for estimating the number of solutions of constraint satisfaction problems’. We use a stochastic forward checking algorithm for drawing a sample of paths from a search tree. With this sample, we compute two values related to the number of solutions of a CSP instance. First, an unbiased estimate, second, a lower bound with an arbitrary low error probability. We will descr...