Abstract. The article examines integration of cryptocurrencies as electronic payment systems in e-commerce enterprises. Practical usage Ethereum and Bitcoin systems, well factors that may affect their functionality are studied. Coinbase Commerce Bitpay, market leaders cryptocurrency providers, were analyzed to compare issues commission analysis with traditional LiqPay, PayPal. It is determined ...

Conditional expected values in Markov chains are solutions to a set of associated backward differential equations, which may be ordinary or partial depending on the number of relevant state variables. This paper investigates the validity of these differential equations by locating the points of non-smoothness of the state-wise conditional expected values, and it presents a numerical method for ...

Using the data from a developing country like India, we offer an empirical analysis to examine the relationship between devaluation of the Rupee and the real trade balance with her major trading partners since the liberalization process that began in July 1991. Exploiting the recent advances in panel-data time-series econometrics, we document that devaluation may not be effective in improving t...

Custodians play a key but discrete role in the global financial market infrastructure. In Europe, they are licensed as “credit institutions ”, legal requirement for European deposit-taking institutions, and therefore face same prudential requirements “traditional” banks. However, their business model risk profile different from those of traditional banks since core activity does not encompass b...

 Libya experienced a substantial increase in oil revenue as a result of increased oil prices during the period of the late 1970s and early 1980s, and again after 2000. Recent increases in oil production and the price of oil, and their positive and negative macroeconomic impacts upon key macroeconomic variables, are of considerable contemporary importance to an oil dependent economy such as that...

We examine the consequences of vote buying, assuming this practice were allowed and free of stigma. Two parties compete in a binary election and may purchase votes in a sequential bidding game via up-front binding payments and/or campaign promises (platforms) that are contingent upon the outcome of the election. We analyze the role of the parties’and voters’preferences in determining the winner...

Conflict and competition often impose costs on both winners and losers, and conflicting parties may prefer to resolve the dispute before it occurs. The equilibrium of a conflict game with sidepayments predicts that with binding offers, proposers make and responders accept sidepayments, generating settlements that strongly favor proposers. When side-payments are nonbinding, proposers offer nothi...