This paper proposes a theory for the gradual evolution of knowledge diffusion and growth over the very long run. A feedback mechanism between capital accumulation and the ease of knowledge diffusion explains a long epoch of (quasi-) stasis and an epoch of high growth linked by a gradual economic take-off. It is shown how the feedback mechanism can explain the Great Divergence, the failure of le...

The purpose of this Article is to demonstrate that felon exclusion laws are not race neutral and that the application of the laws has a racially discriminatory effect, and to call for their abolition. The laws contribute to the erosion of citizenship rights for the individual African-American exfelon, and the undermining of the collective citizenship rights of the larger African-American commun...

Aging progress of a person is influenced by many factors such as genetics, health, lifestyle, and even weather conditions. Therefore human age estimation from a face image is a challenging problem. Aging causes significant variations in facial shape and texture across years. In order to construct a general age classifier, shape and texture information of human face should be used together. In t...

Today, humans have remains that are other than physical, generated within and supported by new information communications technologies (ICTs). As with human remains of the past, these are variously attended to or ignored. In this article, which serves as the introduction to this special issue, we examine the reality, meaning and use of enduring digital remains of humans. We are specifically int...

to compare the success of patients with ocular hypertension, secondary to pars plana vitrectomy and silicon oil tamponade, who had an ex-press glaucoma filtration device p50 (alcon laboratories, inc. fort worth, texas, usa) to those who had conventional trabeculectomy this study has been performed. the records of 10 eyes of 10 consecutive subjects who had ex-press implants and 9 eyes of 9 conse...

plant tissue culture refers to growing and multiplication of cells, tissues and organs of plants on defined solid or liquid media under aseptic and controlled environment. micropropagation allows rapid production of high quality, disease-free and uniform planting material. the micropropagation of high quality planting materials of ornamentals, and forest and fruit trees has created new opportun...

objective(s): ex vivo expansion of hematopoitic stem cells is an alternative way to increase umbilical cord blood (ucb)-cd34+ cells for bone marrow transplantation. for this purpose demineralized bone matrix (dbm) and mineralized bone allograft (mba) as two scaffolds based on bone matrix and stem cell niche, were simultaneously used to enhance the effect of human mesenchymal progenitor cells (m...

Abstract The hay bacillus Bacillus subtilis has attracted scientific interest for more than 100 years due to its ability form heat-stable spores as an example of a rather simple differentiating organism. Thus, this bacterium became one most studied model organisms. Moreover, B. is used in many biotechnological applications and even food production. Current research still adds novel amazing prop...