TB remains a very significant global health burden. There is an urgent need for better tools for TB control, which include an effective vaccine. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the currently licensed vaccine, confers highly variable protection against pulmonary TB, the main source of TB transmission. Replacing BCG completely or boosting BCG with another vaccine are the two current strategies fo...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS), a major active component in Chinese medicinal fungus, on cytochrome P450 metabolic activity in Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG)-induced immune hepatic injury in rats. The enzyme kinetics of the probes including chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1), phenacetin (CYP1A2) and nifedipine (CYP3A) were evaluated...

High recurrence rate is one representative characteristic of bladder cancer. Intravesical therapy after transurethral resection is often performed in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to prevent recurrence. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and several anticancer/antibiotic agents, such as mitomycin C and epirubicin, are commonly used for this therapy. BCG treatment demonstra...

Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder is based on the BCG-induced immune response, which eradicates and prevents bladder cancer. The results of recent studies have suggested that not only major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-nonrestricted immune cells such as natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, etc...

Superficial transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) account for about 70% of all bladder cancers in North America and Europe [1]. Following surgery, these tumours recur in more than 60% of cases and up to 25% of recurrences become invasive. For more than 20 years, intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillation has been used successfully to prevent recurrence and progression of superficial ...

Pathogenic mycobacteria must acquire iron in the host in order to multiply and cause disease. To do so, they release abundant quantities of siderophores called exochelins, which have the capacity to scavenge iron from host iron-binding proteins and deliver it to the mycobacteria. In this study, we have characterized the exochelins of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine and occasi...

Cutaneous tuberculosis (CT) is rare despite the frequency of tuberculosis worldwide. CT is caused by the invasion of the skin by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and less commonly Mycobacterium bovis or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). CT manifests a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Lupus vulgaris (LV) is the most prevalent form of CT in Tunisia and has the most widely variable presentation o...

This study investigates the effect of aluminum nanoparticles (AL NPs) on vaccines (e.g., poliomyelitis and bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccines). Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine extent its blood composition using an in vivo samples obtained from rabbits injected with poliomyelitic virus BCG across a period four weeks. The oxidation current peaks in rabbit were enhanced increas...

We have used humanized mice, in which human immune cells differentiate de novo from transplanted cord blood progenitor cells, to study the human immune responses to infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Granulomas with a core containing giant cells, human CD68(+) macrophages, and high bacilli numbers surrounded by a layer of CD3(+) T cells a...