abstract nitrogen is a key nutrient in plant growth and it is necessary for amino acid synthesis. sulfur has very important role in the biosynthesis of the alliums flavor and pungency precursors and potassium improve crop yield and quality. in order to study the effect of ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate on concentration some of the mineral elements in onion (allium cepa l. azar shahr cv....

© 2018 Indian Dermatology Online Journal | Published by Wolters Kluwer Medknow A 16‐year‐old male from Bihar had confluent hypopigmented plaques along with erythematous succulent papules on the chin, trunk, and shoulders for the past 8 years. There was relative sparing of axillae, suprapubic, and inguinal regions [Figures 1a‐c]. He had a history of kala‐azar. Skin biopsy and smear showed numero...

Liposomal amphotericin-B (AmBisome) is now becoming first choice for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) patients due to high efficacy and less toxicity. The reported incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to liposomal amphotericin-B (AmBisome), especially during therapy, is very rare. We report two patients with kala-azar: one developed breathing difficulties and hypotension f...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of infected sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes. The protozoa is obliged intracellularly and causes a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes: VL ('kala azar'), cutaneous leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia). Kala azar is the most aggressive form and if untreated causes hig...

in the endemic focus of kala-azar, in meshkin shahr area, dog dirofilariasls is a metazoan infestation with high endemicity. this study was carried out to indicate prevalence of dirofilariasis in dogs in that district. by using cluster sampling method, from 6000 dogs, 300 dogs were selected by cluster sampling and samples were examined for the presence of microfilaria. we examined tick smear la...

This study was conducted in 2004 to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HBC) and human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus infection in 133 injecting drug users (IDUs) attending a voluntary rehabilitation centre in Shahr-e-Kord, and to identify risk factors for these infections in this group. Serum samples were screened for HBV, HCV and HIV infection. Only 1 participant (0.8%) w...