The conformational preference of a [2]rotaxane system has been examined by molecular dynamics simulations. The rotaxane wheel consists of two bridged binding components: a cis-dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether and a 1,3-phenyldicarboxamide, and the penetrating axle consists of a central isophthaloyl unit with phenyltrityl capping groups. The influence of solvation on the co-conformation of the [2]rotaxa...

This paper discusses the background to real-time GPS asset tracking in the context of 1) monitoring moving vehicles, 2) the content of the GPS data that is provided as part of the 2 systems that were tested, 3) the theory behind the installation of such tracking systems in terms of GPS, GPRS and internet communications and finally, 4) the assessment of the economic benefits of both systems is a...

This paper presents an acceleration slip regulation (ASR) system for four-wheel drive (4WD) electric vehicles, which are driven by the front and rear axles simultaneously. The ASR control strategy includes three control modes: average distribution of inter-axle torque, optimal distribution of inter-axle torque and independent control of optimal slip rate, respectively, which are designed based ...

A circular shape placed on an incline will roll; similarly, an irregularly shaped object, such as the Archimedean spiral, will roll on a flat surface when a force is applied to its axle. This rolling is dependent on the specific shape and the applied force (magnitude and location). In this paper, we derive formulas that define the behavior of irregular 2D and 3D shapes on a flat plane when a we...

Two rotaxanes containing zinc porphyrin (ZnP) with crown ether and [60]fullerene (C(60)) with cationic and neutral axles are synthesized. Optimized structures calculated by molecular orbital methods indicate that the rotaxane with an ammonium cation in the center of the axle has a shorter distance between the C(60) and ZnP moieties than that of the rotaxane with a neutral axle because of acylat...

We studied rotaxanes that consisted of a molecular axle, with a photoactive 9-Aryl-9-methoxy-acridane moiety at one end, and a tetracationic ring of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBQT(4+)). The aim of the study was to deposit the axle ends onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). First, we introduced thioctic acid into the axle molecules. Then, rotaxanes were deposited on AuNPs by two methods: 1) Pse...

The South East region of Nigeria faces widespread flood during rainy seasons as a result inadequate drainage channels, poor management and most often the absence drainage. increase in rainfall can be attributed to climate change. Climate change has become one common sources road pavement failure which leads rapid need maintenance flooding this problem is becoming worse yearly. Most roads suffer...

abstract: compaction under tractors tires is of special concern because the weight of these machines has increased dramatically in the last years. these machines and others associated with crop cultural practices weight enough to significantly compact the soil, especially if the soil is soft with high moisture content during tilling, planting, or harvesting. the stress distribution and the size...

Pavement rutting is one of the most common and destructive pavement distresses being observed in flexible pavements, which is primarily due to axle loads that exceed legal limit and high ambient temperatures, and also poor mix design is one of the cause of rutting. The drastic increase in traffic volume during last few decades has resulted in premature pavement failures of almost the whole road...

In this research, Ride quality of a three-axle truck is investigated to understand its vibration specifications and influence of it on special load. The truck is Benz 2624, and the load is rather sensitive to vibrations. The system is considered for an off-road duty. Hence, the vehicle is modeled as a nineteen-degree of freedom system and its equations of motion are derived by employing Lagrang...