the effect of clonidine, a central alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist on reduction of anxiety, producing sedation and attenuation hemodynamic changes, were assessed during thissemi-experimental study in one of the hospitals of iran medical sciences university in tehran, 1994.   fifty surgical patients of either sex, 18-60 years of age, with asa physical status i or ii, gave informed consent to enter...

background: establishment of a patent airway and preserving spontaneous ventilation is a necessity in predicted difficult airway. airway regional blocks are commonly used in predicted difficult airway but the known limitations of these techniques propose the need to suggest alternative methods. this study compares subcutaneous dissociative conscious sedation (sdcs); a recently reported method o...

Topical anesthesia of the airway is a necessary for awake intubation and is usually achieved using lidocaine delivered by various means. Although some experts favor the use of airway blocks, a more common approach is to use pure topical methods in combination with "spray as you go" techniques. Once the topicalization is complete, the patient should be able to easily tolerate the use of an oral ...

Corresponding author: Hyung Tae Kim, M.D., Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Junghwasandong 1-ga, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 560-750, Korea. Tel: 82-63-230-1593, Fax: 82-63-230-8169, E-mail: [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/lice...

To the Editor, We were interested in a recently published case report describing application of the Airtraq optical laryngoscope (Airtraq) for nasotracheal intubation (NTI) in a patient with a predicted difficult airway who was undergoing oral surgery. The authors are to be congratulated on their successful airway management in this challenging case. However, topical anesthesia was performed on...