background: the indispensable use of agrochemicals has created serious threats for earthworms abundance and their population therefore, several earthworm protocols have gained acceptance for use in tests to assess the effects of soil chemicals on soil organisms. dichlorovos, an organophosphorus pesticide, is one of the widely used pesticides in agricultural fields of m.p., central india. the ai...

background: different stressors induce learning and memory impairment and physical activity influence learning and memory enhancement. in this research, we investigated the effect of synchronized running activity with stress on acquisition and retention time of passive avoidance test. methods: male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: control (co), sham (sh), exercise ...

abstract the lack of water is the most important problem in extensive landscape especially turfgrass in arid and semi arid regions. the root responses in native and commercial grasses under drought stress were investigated. this experiment was in a factorial experiment based on unbalanced completely random design on the year 2006. the specious that we used in this experiment included (i) commer...

morphine’s effects on learning and memory processes are well known to depend on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. whereas the role of the hippocampus in morphine-induced amnesia and state-dependent learning is established, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood. the present study intended to investigate whether administration of morphine ...

aim and background: pain is a complex experience involving psychological factors which results in functional disorder. this study aimed to analyze the correlation between cognitive and emotional factors with chronic low back pain among women in isfahan, iran. methods and materials: in this cross-sectional research, the target population included all women with chronic low back pain that referre...