Preventing the introduction of weeds into the farming system through sowing of clean seeds is an essential component of weed management. The weed seed contamination of cleaned grain and herbicide resistance levels of the recovered weed seeds were examined in a study conducted across 74 farms in the Western Australian grainbelt. Most farmers grew and conserved their own crop seed. The majority o...

In this article, we analyzed the origin of wild polyploid oats (Avena L., Poaceae) using region 18S rDNA (partially)–ITS1–5.8S obtained via NGS. There are six tetraploid (2n = 28) and four hexaploid 42) species differing by specific genome combinations: A. barbata, vaviloviana (AB), agadiriana (AB or BB), magna, murphyi, insularis (AC CD), ludoviciana, sterilis, fatua, occidentalis (ACD). We co...

Our understanding of processes underlying plant recruitment emerges from species and habitats that are widely distributed at regional and global scales. However, the applicability of dispersal-recruitment models and the role of dispersal limitation versus microsite limitation have not been examined for specialized habitats. In patchy, freshwater Myristica swamp forests (Western Ghats, India), w...

In recent decades, cereal agriculture across main producing areas in Spain has progressively adopted direct sowing, associated with an increased use of herbicides pre-sowing. Weedy species from genus Avena have been observed after the application glyphosate wheat. Here, fatua (two accessions), byzantina and sterilis subsp. sterilis, one accession each, were taxonomically characterized by a biom...

Seed dormancy and resistance to decay are fundamental survival strategies, which allow a population of seeds to germinate over long periods of time. Seeds have physical, chemical, and biological defense mechanisms that protect their food reserves from decay-inducing organisms and herbivores. Here, we hypothesize that seeds also possess enzyme-based biochemical defenses, based on induction of th...