In 2006, the Canadian Avalanche Centre introduced the Avaluator, a decision support tool that offers amateur backcountry recreationists decision guidance based on expert opinion and historic avalanche accident records. Simultaneous with the launch, the curriculum of the standard introductory avalanche course (Avalanche Skills Training 1 – AST1) was revised to include the Avaluator as a central ...

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with thin avalanche regions have shown low excess noise characteristics and high gain-bandwidth products, so they are suited for long-haul optical communications. In this work, we investigated how carrier injection profile affects the avalanche gain and excess noise factors of Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 (lattice-matched to InP substrates) p-i-n and n-i-p diodes with t...

BACKGROUND The joint project “LWD Online Maps” between the Avalanche Warning Center Tyrol (Innsbruck, Austria) and the University of Vienna, Department of Geography and Regional Research is now ongoing for several years. Its goal has been and still is to develop and maintain a complex and very powerful database driven online decision support system for cartographic visualization and analysis of...

In recent years, a number of decision-making frameworks have been developed to help European recreationists make better decisions in avalanche terrain. This study evaluated how well these frameworks might perform in North America by comparing four of them (the Reduction Method, NivoTest, Stop-or-Go, and the SnowCard) and one very simple decision strategy (based on obvious clues) against 33 year...

A series of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the rapid fluid-like flow of a finite mass of granular material down a chute with partial lateral confinement. The chute consists of a section inclined at 40◦ to the horizontal, which is connected to a plane run-out zone by a smooth transition. The flow is confined on the inclined section by a shallo...

Several years ago, in the context of physics hysteresis magnetic materials, a simple stochastic model has been introduced: ABBM model. Later, advocated as paradigm for broad class diverse phenomena, baptised "crackling noise phenomena". The reproduces many statistical features such intermittent signals, statistics burst (or avalanche) durations and sizes, with their power law exponents that wou...

The avalanche robustness of 430 V SiC diodes at high temperatures is investigated. UIS test was performed with fixed time in order to avoid the effect a thermal diffusion on an energy. It found that energies 25 are 10.5 J/cm 2 for and 12.7 while those 170 8.02 9.96 , respectively. Their temperature coefficients about-0.018 K, which much smaller than typical SiC-MOSFETs, indicating maintain grea...

The analysis and optimization of the npvnp avalanche diode structure that includes two avalanche regions have been realized on basis of the nonlinear model and special optimization procedure. The admittance and energy characteristics of the DAR diode were analyzed in very wide frequency band from 30 up to 360 GHz. Output power level was optimized for the second frequency band near the 220 GHz.

The analysis and optimization of the npvnp avalanche diode structure that includes two avalanche regions have been realized on basis of the nonlinear model and special optimization procedure. The admittance characteristics of the DAR diode were analyzed in very wide frequency band from 30 up to 360 GHz and had been optimized for the third frequency band near the 300 GHz.