T he main objective of this paper was the investigation of the impact of the trade openness on economic growth in Pakistan. We have been employed both the Johensen and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Co-integration together with ECM Techniques for the period 1975-2016. The empirical estimated results are the sound evidence that there exists a short...

This paper examines the relation between granting central banks more independence represented in both its manifested legal charter as well actual practices adopted and inflation Egypt during period from 1998-2019. To do so, this first looks at evolution of different bank (CBI) measures adopts most comprehensive relevant one. Consequently, it runs a regression model adopting an autoregressive di...

The Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been known to play significant roles in promoting economic growth, employment generation foreign exchange earnings among others, of both developed developing economies. Monetary policy, on the other hand, actions strategies employed by a central bank or monetary authority control regulate money supply, interest rates, credit conditions an economy. Th...

This study investigates the impact of energy consumption on environmental pollution in Australia using time series data from 1971 to 2015. Gross domestic product (GDP), total population (TP), and financial development (FD) are included as control variables. In achieving objective, this employ unit root test, cointegration autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) long-run short-run methodology exam...

The prime objective of this study was to examine the impact COVID-19 shock on sector returns South African Stock market. employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model estimated with a Pooled Mean Group estimator sample daily stock 10 Johannesburg Exchange (JSE) sectors. results indicate heterogeneous behaviour in return response shock. shows that Pandemic negatively impacted majority How...

Purpose The study examines the impact of real exchange rates and asymmetric on stock prices in Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Korea, Japan, United Kingdom (UK), Germany, Hong Kong Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach This uses autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach non-linear (NARDL) approach. Findings ARDL shows more economic variables are found to be statistically significant tha...

This study is an attempt to explore the short-term and long-term effects of fiscal deficit along with other macroeconomic variables on deteriorating trade Pakistan from 1980 2018 by using time series estimation techniques. The result autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach error correction term revealed existence cointegration among interest. estimated long-run short-run r...

This study investigates the impact of climate and non-climate factors on cereal production in Somalia from 1990 to 2019. The used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) modeling approach analyze effect CO2, temperature, rainfall, land under production, rural population production. employed ARDL model determine long-run short-run effects variables. results indicate that all variables negatively i...

The purpose of this study is finding the sensitivity of central bank independence measurements on its impact on inflation in Iran. To this aim different measurements of the central bank independence were calculated using the indices of Grilli et al. (1991), Cukierman et al. (1992), Mathew (2006) and Dumiter (2009) for the period 1961-2012 . Although results of correlation between CBI index and ...