Primary chondroid tumors of the larynx represent less than 1% of all laryngeal tumors. Most of them are chondromas and they often involve to the cricoid cartilage. A 31-year-old male patient applied to the oto-laryngology service with a history of dysphonia and dyspnea. Microlaryngoscopy revealed 2 cm sized, ill-defined, covered with regular mucosa, porous, and hard mass on posterior surface of...

INTRODUCTION: Anterior jugular veins are a paired structure found on either side of the neck and responsible for other in draining head regions.CASE: The variations reported here from two male cadavers about 45 50 years age who were being dissected routinely dissecting room. first cadaver, which was 50-year-old, had normal formation both anterior (AVJ), but down its course, left AJVs join aroun...

Laryngotracheal trauma is a rare condition that accounts for less than 1% of blunt trauma. Laryngotracheal fractures are uncommon in sports, even in settings where athletes are more vulnerable, including football, basketball, and hockey. If a laryngeal injury is suspected, immediate evaluation is required to avoid a delay in the diagnosis of a potentially life-threatening injury. A collegiate b...

Thyroid is a butterfly shaped gland composed of two encapsulated lobes, located on either side of the trachea just below the cricoid cartilage. This is connected by thin isthmus and is composed of spherical thyroid follicles, which contain the hormone in colloidal form. T3 and T4 are active hormones secreted under the control of TSH from adenohypophysis of pituitary gland. T3 is three to four f...

UNLABELLED Nasogastric tube syndrome is an uncommon but a potentially life-threatening complication of nasogastric intubation. It presents as an acute upper airway obstruction secondary to bilateral abductor vocal cord dysfunction resulting from postcricoid chondritis. However, a unilateral variant has also been reported and may herald the development of bilateral pathology. The purpose of this...

Tracheostomy is a well-established, commonly used surgical procedure, whose early and late complications are widely described in literature. Some of them remain still poorly known, though. One of these rare complications is a peculiar larynx-shaped reorganization of the tracheal rings and cricoid cartilage. This tracheal narrowing seems to be nonsymptomatic and not life-threatening, at least as...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Methods and Materials 3.1. Generation of the targeting vector 3.2. Electroporation, selection and screening of embryonic stem (ES) cells 3.3. Blastocyst injection and animal breeding 3.4. Isolation of RNA, Quantitative PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization 3.5. Skeletal X-rays and staining 4. Results 4.1. Generation of Zic3 4.2. Upregulation of Zic3 expression...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To illustrate that a truncus bicaroticus and an elongated truncus brachiocephalicus are underestimated anatomic variations; and to highlight the risk of injury of these vessel anomalies during routine surgical interventions. DATA SOURCE Report of a woman with long-term ventilation who was planned for conventional surgical tracheostomy. Due to a strong pulsatile vessel cr...

In spite of being the most common nonepithelial neoplasm, chondrosarcoma makes up only about 0.2% of all head and neck malignancies and approximately 1% of all laryngeal tumors. Primary laryngeal chondrosarcoma is rare with only 300 cases being reported in literature. Herein, we present a case of 61-year old male who presented with long-standing neck mass. Histopathological exami nation, reveal...

Phelan, P. D., Stocks, J. G., Williams, H. E., and Danks, D. M. (1973). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 48, 275. Familial occurrence of congenital laryngeal clefts. Two sibships of double first cousins in which 6 children had congenital laryngeal anomalies are reported. 3 of the children had proven congenital posterior laryngeal clefts, 1 had subglottic stenosis with a deformed cricoid cartil...