Exposure to gluten, a protein present in wheat rye and barley, is the major inducer for human Celiac Disease (CD), chronic autoimmune enteropathy. CD occurs about 1% worldwide population, genetically predisposed individuals bearing leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2/DQ8. Gut epithelial cell stress innate immune activation are responsible breaking oral tolerance gliadin, gluten component. To date, only...

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare life threatening congenital autoimmune disorder caused by mutations in the forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) gene. The main typical clinical manifestations of IPEX are enteropathy, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and skin diseases, which usually appear in the first months of life and cause death without treatment. ...

Celiac disease is the most important cause of intestinal villous atrophy. Seronegative intestinal villous atrophy, including those that are nonresponsive to a gluten-free diet, is a diagnostic challenge. In these cases, before establishing the diagnosis of seronegative celiac disease, alternative etiologies of atrophic enteropathy should be considered. Recently, a new clinical entity responsibl...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The term 'tropical enteropathy' originated in observations in the 1960s that small intestinal morphology and function differed in the tropics from the norms found in temperate climates. It was subsequently shown that this enteropathy is more closely related to environmental conditions than latitude, and it was re-labelled 'environmental enteropathy'. It is now recognised that ...

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a rare immune deficiency characterized by low levels of serum IgG, IgA, and/or IgM, with a loss of Ab production. The diagnosis is most commonly made in adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years, but both children and much older adults can be found to have this immune defect. The range of clinical manifestations is broad, including acute and chronic i...

UNLABELLED In coeliac disease (CD) there is a gluten-induced small bowel enteropathy leading to malabsorption of various nutrients, vitamins and trace elements. Low levels of serum zinc have been reported in adults with untreated CD. In the present study we related the serum concentration of zinc to the morphology of the small bowel mucosa in 58 children, all under 4 years of age and under inve...

BACKGROUND Dysmotility-like dyspepsia symptoms are frequent in patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE). Current data suggest that patients with mild enteropathy may be present with gluten-sensitive symptoms and complications. AIM To investigate the prevalence of GSE, including mild enteropathy, in patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia symptoms. METHODS We retrospectively studied...

Dear Editor, Several studies have demonstrated the relationship between autoantibodies and tumors [1]. The anti-reticulin antibody (ARA) was first identified in 1971 and was used as a specific marker for gluten-sensitive enteropathy [2, 3], playing a supportive role in the diagnosis of celiac disease. However, anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody detection has replaced the ARA method as the si...

Three patients developed protein-losing enteropathy caused by intra-atrial obstruction of the systemic venous return after Mustard's operation. The enteropathy resolved in one case after reoperation and in the others after balloon dilatation of the stenosed caval pathways. Protein-losing enteropathy may occur as a complication of Mustard's operation. Balloon dilatation of the obstructed baffle ...

Olmesartan sprue-like enteropathy is an adverse drug reaction that mimics the appearance of celiac disease and is related to the use of olmesartan. We present the case of a 71-year-old female with severe enteropathy attributed to celiac disease for 5 years that improved only after valsartan cessation. This is the first case associating valsartan with sprue-like enteropathy.