This paper investigates four receiver architectures and their ability to track the carrier phase signal under attenuated environments. The receiver architectures considered include a standard receiver, an estimator-based receiver, a vector-based receiver and an ultra-tight GPS/IMU receiver. The receiver architectures were implemented in software and tested using pedestrianbased data collected i...

We have proposed and demonstrated a wide-angle thermooptic variable optical attenuator using a new type of truncated asymmetric Y-branch waveguide in polymers. The asymmetric parameters in the truncated zone and also the asymmetric waveguide widths of the branch depend on its cross-talk (CT), attenuation efficiency and the length of the device or the packing density. An analysis for the optimum...

The Novac7 and Liac are linear accelerators (linacs) dedicated to intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT), which produce high energy, very high dose-per-pulse electron beams. The characteristics of the accelerators heads of the Novac7 and Liac are different compared to conventional electron accelerators. The aim of this work was to investigate the specific characteristics of the Novac7 and Liac...

Under the condition of first-order blooming, a parallel dielectric slab, which is inserted in the path of an obliquely incident p- or s-polarized light beam, introduces multiple discrete attenuation levels given by 1/3, 4/27, 4/243,...... in reflection and 4/9, 4/81, 4/729,...... in transmission. These attenuation levels are independent of the slab refractive index, incident p or s linear polar...

Phase errors in a Fizeau phase-shifting interferometer caused by multiple-reflected beams from a retroreflective optics, such as a corner cube and a right-angle prism, are studied. Single- and double-pass configurations are presented, and their measurement results are compared. An attenuator is not needed in a double-pass configuration because light is reflected by the retroreflective optics tw...

We theoretically demonstrate that a system formed by drift-current biased graphene sheet on silicon carbide substrate enables loss compensation and plasmon amplification. The active response of the is rooted in optical pumping plasmons with gain provided streaming current carriers. proposed behaves as an amplifier for copropagating drifting electrons strong attenuator counter-propagating plasmo...

The potential role of atracurium besylate as a trigger or attenuator of the malignant hyperthermia syndrome was tested in six MHS Landrace swine. Animals were tested for susceptibility and then exposed to atracurium given as an i.v. bolus both alone and concomitantly with 2% halothane. In no instance could the syndrome be triggered by atracurium nor did it convincingly attenuate the syndrome wh...

A dual cantilever device has been demonstrated which can operate as a force sensor or variable attenuator. The device is fabricated using physical micromachining techniques that do not require cleanroom class facilities. The response of the device to mechanical actuation is measured, and shown to be well described by conventional fiber optic angular misalignment theory. The device has the poten...