The objective of this study was to examine the relation between the 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and behaviors related to attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals with myelomeningocele. The rationale for the study was twofold: folate metabolizing genes, (e.g. MTHFR), are important not only in the etiology of neural tube defects but are also criti...

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), neurodevelopmental characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. The global prevalence the ranges from 2% to 7%, with an average around 5%. ADHD affects individuals all ages, symptoms typically becoming visible as early 3 years. range mild severe and may persist into adulthood. varie...

Background & aim:  According to the previous studies, anxiety along with some other psychiatric disorders is common among mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Since maternal anxiety affects mother-child interactions, early treatment plays an important role in the prognosis of ADHD in children. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal a...

background: the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the persian version of the sustained auditory attention capacity test in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. methods: the persian version of the sustained auditory attention capacity test was constructed to assess sustained auditory attention using the metho...

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is not a single pathophysiological entity and appears to have a complex etiology. There are multiple genetic and environmental risk factors with small individual effect that act in concert to create a spectrum of neurobiological liability. Structural imaging studies show that brains of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder are significan...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex disorder characterized by three core symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although all children display these behaviors to some degree, children with ADHD have far more significant symptoms than other children their age. Because these symptoms are pervasive, they tend to interfere with the child’s behavior at home,...

This practice parameter describes the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on the current scientific evidence and clinical consensus of experts in the field. This parameter discusses the clinical evaluation for ADHD, comorbid conditions associated with ADHD, research on the etiology of the disorder, and psychopharmacolog...

Chronic tic disorders (TD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) frequently co-occur in clinical and epidemiological samples. Family studies have found evidence of shared familial transmission between TD and OCD, whereas the familial association between these disorders and ADHD is less clear. This study aimed to investigate to what extent liab...

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous syndrome which is comorbid with childhood conduct disorder, alcoholism, substance abuse, dis-social personality disorder, and affective disorders. A small but consistent overlap with autistic symptoms has also been established. Twin and family studies of ADHD show a substantial genetic heritability wit...

Abstract Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with its high prevalence is a growing area of concern and research, whereas exact underlying pathophysiology remains unknown. Behavioral therapy multiple medications include methylphenidate, atomoxetine, amphetamines while trigeminal nerve stimulator (TNS) the first medical device in ADHD FDA approval. The aim this article to evaluate lat...