Smart grids utilize Information & Communication Technology (ICT) to increase efficiency and reliability, by managing dynamics in power grids. However, ICT opens additional vulnerabilities affecting critical infrastructures, by increasing their attack surface. According to Igure et al. [1] legacy control systems experience an increasing number of attacks, as they were developed for good performa...

The smart grid is envisioned to be a completely automated infrastructure that will require little or no human intervention to address growing demands of the grid consumers. This is made possible by the integration of latest information and communications technologies (ICT) into the power grid. The various sensors installed in the smart grid have the capability to report back information related...

Background: Association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and migraine and the effect of HP eradication on relief of migraine headache have been studied but the results are controversial. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of HP eradication in treatment of patients affected by migraine. Materials and Methods: Eighty consecutive HP infected patients affected by migraine without au...

-A Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack uses multiple machines operating in concern to attack a network or site. It is the most important security problem for IT managers. These attacks are very simple organized for intruders and hence so disruptive. The detection and defense of this attack has specific importance among network specialists. In this paper a new and smart taxonomy of DDoS ...

Recently, Tsai et al., Liao et al. and Li et al. each proposed a multi-server authentication protocol. They claimed their protocols are secure and can withstand various attacks. However, we found some security loopholes in each of their schemes, for example, both Tsai et al.’s and Liao et al.‘s schemes suffers from server spoofing attack by an insider server. Li et al.s’ suffers from the lost s...

We construct statistical zero-knowledge authentication protocols for smart cards based on general assumptions. The main protocol is only secure against active attacks, but we present a modification based on trapdoor commitments that can resist concurrent attacks as well. Both protocols are instantiated using lattice-based primitives, which are conjectured to be secure against quantum attacks. W...

Many two-factor challenge-response based session initiation protocol (SIP) has been proposed, but most of them are vulnerable to smart card stolen attacks and password guessing attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel three-factor SIP authentication scheme using biometrics, password and smart card, and utilize the pi calculus-based formal verification tool ProVerif to prove that the proposed ...

intraoperative radiation therapy (iort) is a multidisciplinary approach in which residual tumors or tumor beds are directly irradiated during a surgical procedure. to evaluate its efficacy, from 1985, we conducted a prospective study including non-metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma treated by surgery, iort (15 grays) and postoperative external beam radiotherapy (44 grays). up to 1993, 51 cases o...

10.2217/14750708.5.4.495 © 2 Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with variable symptoms and airway obstruction. The strategy of asthma management aims to prevent and relieve acute attacks and achieve long-term control of symptoms. Symbicort® is a fixed combination of the corticosteroid budesonide and the long-acting β2-agonist formoterol – the first component treats inflamma...

Smart meters play an important role in smart grid architectures by enabling best operational efficiency, enhanced usage monitoring and variable pricing structure, among other advantages. On the other hand, meters have often been deployed with several security vulnerabilities that can compromise the mentioned benefits and result in cyber attacks. Therefore, teams involved in the development of s...