Coronary atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that involves vascular inflammation, development of cholesterol burdened atheroma, mechanisms of injury and repair, and subsequent calcification (1). Coronary artery calcification (CAC) detected with cardiac computed tomography has been shown to correlate well with overall plaque burden and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events (2...

Hereditary angioedema is a rare (1:50,000) hereditary chronic disease from the group of primary immunodeficiencies, which manifests in form recurrent skin and mucous membrane edema respiratory tract gastrointestinal tract. Pathogenesis this are associated with an increased risk number cardiovascular pathologies, complexity management choosing optimal treatment methods. This case report demonstr...

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are a new class of potent lipid-lowering drugs. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is the key pathogenic factor leading to atherosclerosis. However, its effect on ox-LDL levels has not been clinically reported. For very high-risk Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients, guidelines propose stricte...

Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies have revealed the C-reactive protein gene (CRP) is related to the degree of acute rise in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRP gene could associate with increased risk of cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, obstructive pulmonary disease,...

BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis comes with a 30% higher probability for cardiovascular disease than the general population. Current guidelines advocate for early and aggressive primary prevention and treatment of risk factors in high-risk populations but this excess risk is under-addressed in RA in real life. This is mainly due to difficulties met in the correct risk evaluation. This study aims...

PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that atherosclerosis of the descending aorta detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a good marker of coexisting coronary artery disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the presence of atherosclerosis on the descending aorta during TEE has any prognostic impact in predicting cardiovascular events. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study g...

LDL-lowering therapies, predominantly involving statins, have been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular events in asymptomatic subjects as well as in subjects with clinically established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, despite statin therapy, significant number of cardiovascular events continue to occur indicating the need for additional targets for atherosclerosis mana...

P attern recognition receptors detect danger signals such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Among such detectors, the membrane-bound receptors of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family can detect all kinds of pathogens and play an important role in host defense (1). Not surprisingly, TLRs are also involved in chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, colitis, and atherosclerosis. A...

over the four decades, a significant decrease has been observed in age-related mortality caused by cardiovascular disease. people in developing countries suffer from cad at a relatively younger age and about half of mi occurs under the age of fifty years. abuse of anabolic steroids is one of the less common causes of atherosclerosis. in this report, a 23-year-old body builder male referred to e...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The presence of carotid plaque reflects overall atherosclerotic burden and may predict coronary artery disease events. We examined the association among carotid atherosclerosis, history of atherothrombotic events, and risk of coronary events. METHODS Among 45 227 patients in the Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry with 4-year follow-up, 2...