A peptide motif Glu-Xaa-Xaa-Glu has been implicated in direct binding of ferric iron in several proteins involved in iron transport, sensing or storage. However, it is not known whether the motif alone is sufficient for iron binding and whether functional replacement of the conserved residues by other amino acids with similar properties is possible. We previously identified a Candida albicans i...

We obtained patch-clamp recordings from neuron-glial cell pairs in cerebellar brain slices to examine the contribution of glutamate (Glu) uptake by Bergmann glial cells to shaping excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) at the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse. We show that electrical stimulation of parallel fibers not only activates EPSCs in Purkinje cells but also activates inward curr...

Static contraction of skeletal muscle evokes reflex increases in blood pressure and heart rate. Previous studies showed that P2X receptors located at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord play a role in modulating the muscle pressor reflex. P2X stimulation can alter release of the excitatory amino acid, glutamate (Glu). In this report, we tested the hypothesis that stimulation of P2X receptors enh...

At high concentrations, glutamate (Glu) exerts potent neurotoxic properties, leading to irreversible brain damages found in numerous neurological disorders. The accepted notion that Glu homeostasis in brain interstitial fluid is maintained primarily through the activity of Glu transporters present on glial cells does not take into account the possible contribution of endothelial cells constitut...

Power ultrasound (US) could potentially be used in the food industry in the future. However, the extent of anthocyanin degradation by US requires investigation. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-3-glu) obtained from blueberry extracts was used as research material to investigate the effect of power ultrasound on food processing of anthocyanin-rich raw materials. The effects of ultrasonic waves on the st...

High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) play a major role in determining the dough quality of wheat. As D genome donor hexaploid wheat, Aegilops tauschii is an important genetic resource for wheat breeding. In present study, novel HMW-GSs from Ae. was identified and designated as Glu-Dt1. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that one cysteine mutated into arginine y-type subunit. Sit...

PURPOSE The echo time (TE) averaged spectrum is the one-dimensional (1D) cross-section of the J-resolved spectrum at J = 0. In multiecho TE-averaged spectroscopy, glutamate (Glu) is differentiated from glutamine (Gln) at 3 Tesla (T). This method, however, almost entirely suppresses Gln resonance lines around 2.35 ppm, leaving Gln undetermined. This study presents a novel method for quantifying ...

We investigated the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on substrate-induced currents of L-glutamate (L-Glu) transporter EAAT1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Niflumic acid (NFA) and diclofenac inhibited L-Glu-induced current through EAAT1 in a non-competitive manner. NFA produced a leftward shift in reversal potential (E(rev)) of L-Glu-induced current and increased current am...

Previous work has shown that the degradation of 20% of total protein which occurs early in germination of Bacillus megaterium spores is initiated by an endoprotease. This enzyme is found only in the spore and is active only on the spore proteins degraded during germination. Action of the spore protease in vitro on the three major proteins (Proteins A, B, and C) which are degraded in vivo during...