Asthma is the most common cause of recurrent wheezing, cough and dyspnea in childhood. Delay in diagnosis and lack of appropriate treatment can cause sustained changes which decrease respiratory capacity of children in future. Therefore, identifying the symptoms relating to asthma is the key for timely diagnosis and treatment of this disease. This study was done to investigate asthma incidence ...

The use of stimulants for the purpose of pharmacological neuroenhancement (NE) among students is a subject of increasing public awareness. The risk of addiction development by stimulant use for NE is still unanswered. Therefore, face-to-face interviews were carried out among 18 university students experienced in the nonmedical use of methylphenidate and amphetamines for NE assessing aspects of ...

This article reports on correlates of past-year nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and methamphetamine among young adults aged 18 to 25. Data from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were used to conduct logistic regression analyses of the demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral correlates of nonmedical stimulant use. The sample size was 23,645. Multivariate analyse...

While stimulant medication is commonly prescribed to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in children and adolescents (Merikangas, He, Rapoport, Vitiello, & Olfson, 2013; Zuvekas & Vitiello, 2012) and is considered an empirically supported intervention for those groups (Barkley, Murphy, & Fischer, 2008; Pelham & Fabiano, 2008; Safren et al., 2005) surprisingly little is known about th...

BACKGROUND Stimulants are used increasingly to enhance social (cocaine) or cognitive performance (stimulants normally prescribed, prescription stimulants [e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines]). Chronic use, by contrast, has been associated with significant verbal memory and learning deficits. This study sought to determine whether subtle learning and memory problems characterize individuals who...

Background Stimulant pharmaceuticals are abused among academic students to elevate mood, improve studying, intellectual capacity, memory and concentration, and increase wakefulness. This study was designed to evaluate the current situation of stimulant use among medical students and residents of Babol University of Medical Sciences. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 560 m...

Sharma and Rajapurkar (~) while studying the actions of adrenergic neurone blocking drugs on intestinal peristalsis observed that bretyliurn and xylocholine in bigger doses produced a stimulant response on the longitudinal moveme-nts of guinea pig ileum where as guanethidine had no stimulant action (unreported observations). Those observations are in consonance witb tbe observations of Boura an...

Background.  Stimulant-using men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Contingency Management (CM) is a robust substance abuse intervention that provides voucher-based incentives for stimulant-use abstinence. Methods.  We conducted a randomized controlled trial of CM with postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) among stimulant-using MSM. Particip...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article was to examine whether injuries in early childhood and gender predict prescriptions of stimulant medication in three groups of children: With attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other psychiatric disorders (OPD). METHODS This was a population-based study with prospective and complete follow-up of children w...

BACKGROUND Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioural disorder, affecting 3-6% of school age children and adolescents in Spain. Methylphenidate (MPH), a mild stimulant, had long been the only approved medication available for ADHD children in Spain. Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant alternative in the treatment of ADHD with once-a-day oral dosing. This study aims to esti...