It is generally assumed that Self-assessment plays a profound role in autonomous language learning und accordingly leads to learner independency. It encourages learners to prospect their own language learning processes and provides them with feedback of their learning progress. Self-assessment also raises the awareness of learners’ individual needs among both students and teachers alike and wil...

Inbreeding in hermaphroditic plants can occur through two different mechanisms: biparental inbreeding, when a plant mates with a related individual, or self-fertilization, when a plant mates with itself. To avoid inbreeding, many hermaphroditic plants have evolved self-incompatibility (SI) systems which prevent or limit self-fertilization. One particular SI system-homomorphic SI-can also reduce...

The chronic illness literature suggests that patientYinformal caregiver dyads who are relationally oriented (share decisions and activities) are more efficient and effective than those who are not. But this is currently unknown in heart failure (HF). Our aim was to examine differences between individually and relationally oriented HF dyads relative to patient symptom management scores. This was...

background: after many years of teaching, both the efficiency and efficacy of communication skills programs are under question because patients’ dissatisfaction with doctors’ communication behavior is at the top of the complaint lists. it is assumed that finding the specific role of different determinants of doctors’ communication behavior, instructional designers can plan more effective traini...